研究目的：调查高一女生经前期综合征的发生现状，探讨经前期综合征的发生与运动参与的关系，为高中女生体育与健康课程的教学设计提供参考。

研究方法：采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法，选取山东省泰安英雄山中学699名年龄在14-17岁的高一女生为研究对象，收集连续三个月的经前期症状日志表，并发放自编中学生运动参与调查问卷，共回收有效问卷233份。采用SPSS20.0统计学软件分析采集到的数据，对经前期综合征的发生现状和运动参与情况进行描述性统计，对高中女生经前期综合征的发生与运动参与的相关采用二元logistics回归分析。显著性水平为P＜0.05。

研究结果：

1、高一女生经前期综合征发生率为33.5%，高于成年育龄妇女，其中轻度47人（20.2%）、中度27人（11.6%），重度4人（1.7%）。高一女生经前期综合征常见的精神症状是注意力不集中、情绪低落或抑郁消沉、愤怒发火或情绪失控；常见的躯体症状是嗜睡、疲劳、腹胀、腹泻。

2、经前期综合征高一女生参与每周2次体育课、课上有效活动时间大于20分钟、早操出勤3-5次、课外自主性身体活动每周1次以上、每次活动大于10分钟、参与集体活动和与家人、同学一起活动的比例均较非经前期综合征高一女生低，差异具有显著性（P均＜0.05）；经前期综合征高一女生与非经前期高一女生的运动参与内容、课间操参与次数和时间差异没有显著性（P均＞0.05）。

3、二元Logistics回归分析显示，每周上体育课的次数少于2次的高一女生经前期综合征发生风险是每周上体育课大于2次及以上的高中女生的4.30倍（P=0.001,OR=4.30,95%CI:2.072-6.873），体育课有效活动时间少于20分钟的高中女生经前期综合征发生风险是体育课有效活动时间大于20分钟高一女生的2.38倍（P=0.003，OR=2.38，95%CI:1.346-4.191），不参与班级学校集体体育活动的高中女生经前期综合征发生风险是参加集体活动高中女生的4.00倍（P=0.000，OR=4.00, 95%CI:2.132-7.353），课外自主运动独自进行的高一女生经前期综合征发生风险是与家人同学一起活动的高一女生的1.85倍(P=0.045,OR=1.85,95%CI:1.015-3.364)。

   结论与建议：

1、高一女生经前期综合征的发生率高于国内育龄妇女，表现也不同于成年育龄妇女常见的易怒、乳房胀痛，主要为嗜睡疲劳、注意力不集中、情绪低落或抑郁消沉、愤怒或情绪失控。

2、经前期综合征高一女生运动参与显著低于非经前期综合征高中女生，表现为每周体育课参与次数不足2次、有效活动时间不足20分钟；自主活动的次数大多不足1次，活动时间不足10分钟也显著少，参加学校集体活动和与家人、同学结伴活动少。

3、高一女生经前期综合征发生与体育课的参与次数和时间、课外自主活动的形式相关，每周参加2次及以上体育课，每次有效活动时间大于20分钟、积极参加班级或学校的集体活动、自主运动时和家人或同学一起活动等均是高一女生经前期综合征发生的保护因素。

建议教师在高一女生的体育与健康课程的教学中，应设计、开展有关经前期综合征的健康教育活动，保证学生每周参与2次及以上的体育课，每次有效运动时间要大于20分钟，多参加集体活动或与家人同学结伴活动，将有助于减少经前期综合征的发生，减轻其对高中女生身心的不良影响.

Objective: to investigate the current situation of premenstrual syndrome in grade one of senior high school girls, and to explore the relationship between the premenstrual syndrome and sports participation, so as to provide reference for the teaching design of physical education and health course for grade one senior high school girls.

Methods: by using the methods of literature, questionnaire and mathematical statistics, 699 senior high school girls aged from 14 to 17 years old in Taian Yingxiongshan Middle School in Shandong Province were selected as the research subjects, and the log tables of premenstrual symptoms for three consecutive months were collected. and issued a self-designed questionnaire on sports participation of middle school students, a total of 233 valid questionnaires were collected. Using SPSS20.0 statistical software to analyze the collected data, the occurrence of premenstrual syndrome and exercise participation were descriptive statistics, and the correlation between the occurrence of premenstrual syndrome and exercise participation in senior high school girls was analyzed by binary logistics regression analysis. The significant level was P < 0.05.

Results:

1. The incidence of premenstrual syndrome in high school girls is 33.5%, which is higher than that of adult women of childbearing age, including 47 mild (20.2%), 27 moderate (11.6%) and 4 severe (1.7%). The common mental symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in high school girls are inattention, depression or depression, anger or out of control; the common physical symptoms are drowsiness, fatigue, abdominal distension and diarrhea.

2. PMS of grade one senior high school girls participate in PE classes twice a week, effective activity time in class is more than 20 minutes, morning exercises 3-5 times, extracurricular autonomous physical activities more than once a week, each activity is more than 10 minutes, the proportion of participating in collective activities and activities with family and classmates are lower than those of non-PMS high school girls, the difference is significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between high school girls with premenstrual syndrome and non-premenstrual high school girls in the content of sports participation, the number of participation in recess exercises and time (P > 0.05).

3. Binary Logistics regression analysis showed that the risk of premenstrual syndrome of high school girls who attended PE class less than 2 times a week was 4.30 times higher than that of high school girls who attended PE class more than 2 times a week. (P=0.001,OR=4.30,95%CI:2.072-6.873)，The risk of premenstrual syndrome of high school girls with effective activity time of less than 20 minutes in physical education class is 2.38 times higher than that of high school girls who have effective activity time of more than 20 minutes in physical education class(P=0.003，OR=2.38，95%CI:1.346-4.191)，The risk of premenstrual syndrome of high school girls who did not participate in class and school collective physical activities was 4.00 times higher than that of senior high school girls who participated in collective activities（P=0.000，OR=4.00, 95%CI:2.132-7.353）；The risk of premenstrual syndrome among high school girls who worked alone in extracurricular voluntary sports was 1.85 times higher than that of high school girls who worked with their families and classmates(P=0.045,OR=1.85,95%CI:1.015-3.364).

Conclusions and suggestions:

1. The incidence of premenstrual syndrome in grade one of senior high school girls is higher than that in domestic women of childbearing age, and its performance is also different from the common irritability and breast pain in adult women of childbearing age. mainly inattention, depression or depression, anger or mood out of control, somnolence fatigue, abdominal distension and diarrhea.

2. The sports participation of high school girls with premenstrual syndrome is significantly lower than that of high school girls with non-premenstrual syndrome, such as less than 2 times per week in PE class, less than 20 minutes in effective activity time, less than 1 time in independent activities, less than 10 minutes in activity time, less than participating in school collective activities and partnering with family and classmates.

3. The occurrence of premenstrual syndrome in grade one of senior high school girls is related to the number and time of participation in physical education class and the form of independent activities, participating in physical education classes twice or more times a week, active participation in class or school collective activities, active participation in class or school collective activities, active activities with family members or classmates during independent exercise are all protective factors for the occurrence of premenstrual syndrome in senior high school girls.

4. It is suggested that teachers should design and carry out health education activities about premenstrual syndrome in the teaching of physical education and health courses for senior high school girls, so as to ensure that students participate in physical education classes twice a week or more, and each effective exercise time should be more than 20 minutes. Participating in group activities or companionship activities with family and classmates will help to reduce the occurrence of premenstrual syndrome and reduce its adverse effects on the physical and mental health of grade one senior high school girls.