城市内部一个地方的地方性是否会随着其土地利用的形式发生变化而变化？当土地利用变化而人口没有迁移时，地方性是否会保留下来？这个问题在人文地理学中尚未有结论。本研究以北京城市核心区的一个工厂外迁后的工人居住社区为研究对象，调查工厂外迁后，留下来的工人居住社区保留哪些工厂的社会文化特征，这种社会文化特征是否可以成为地方性的内核？本研究将为探讨城市地方文化保持机制提供一个个案。北京中心城区自1980年代后期就开始工业外迁。本研究利用1985年、1996年、2001年三个时期的北京城区工业企业名录等数据统计资料，刻画了工业企业分布的变化状况，同时结合对典型工业外迁地点的实地调查，运用帕森斯的结构功能主义理论，尝试分析了北京城区工业企业分布变化对工人群体社会文化的影响。从1985年到2001年，总体上北京城区工业企业外迁趋势明显，空间分布的集中程度不断降低，呈现出分散化布局的状态。本研究的典型社区北京变压器厂宿舍区选择在工业外迁明显的区域里。本文从结构主义大师帕森斯的AGIL四个功能入手，对比了工厂搬迁前后，工人群体的社会文化特征的变化。本论文的结论是：第一，在原来该居住社区中，由于留下来的工人与工厂的联系少了，因此工人群体对环境的适应特征减弱了；第二，由于不在工厂工作了，留下来的工人群体不再强化有效的共同目标；第三，原来同事之间是紧密的“有机团结”，现在该社区逐渐由单位社区向单纯的居住社区转变，机械团结为目前的社会组织特征，居委会替代了工厂管理组织在目标达成上的部分功能，作为邻居的工人关系变为“机械团结”关系；第四，由于往昔的共同工作经历，以及目前老工友依旧生活在共同的社区中，因此工人群体间还保留着很强的企业荣誉感，往昔团结协作的集体主义观念依然保留，这使得该社区与附近商业居住社区有很大的不同，这是工厂遗留下的社会文化痕迹，尚未成为地方性的核心要素。

Whether the placeness of a place in a city would be changed while its land-use has been changed? There is no answer in human geography. Would the placeness be retained when the land-use changed without residents’ migration? To provide a case study on the mechanism of maintaining the local culture in the urban area, this paper takes a residential community of a relocated factory which used to locate in the central Beijing for example, to explore if the social and cultural characteristics of the factory were still reflected on the worker’s residential community after the relocation of the factory and will these social and cultural characteristics become the core of placeness. The relocation of the industries of central Beijing started from 1980s. Based on the data of Directory of Industrial Enterprises in Central Beijing (1985, 1996, 2001), this paper describes the changes of the relocation of industrial enterprises. Based on the structure functionalism theory of Parsons, we conduct the field investigation on the worker groups in typical sites of industrial relocation and try to analyze the relocation of industries in central Beijing and its social and cultural impacts on workers who used to work there. In general, the trend of the industrial relocation in central Beijing is obvious from 1985 to 2001. At the same time, the level of the spatial concentration is reduced and begins to present a layout of decentralization. The case area we chose in this study is located in the area where the industrial relocation happened significantly. According to the four functions of the structure functionalism theory of Parsons, the changes of social and cultural characteristics in the worker group before and after the factory relocation are compared. The main conclusions of the paper are as follows. Firstly, in the old residential community, workers’ adaptation to the environment has been weakened due to the little connection with the factory. Secondly, since the workers do not work in the factory anymore, they don’t strengthen an effective common goal any more. Thirdly, the relationship among the workers changes from organic solidarity to mechanistic solidarity along with the community changing from unit community to residential community. To some extent, the residents committee has replaced the integration function of the factory management organizations. Finally, the factory communities are different from commercial residential communities nearby cause workers are still living there and hold a strong sense of honor of the factories and collectivism of solidarity and cooperation.