米兰·昆德拉小说里的梦、梦幻是其作品的重要特色之一。本文将聚焦于昆德拉小说中的梦幻叙事，对昆德拉小说中的美学、哲学思考进行透视。通过分析其小说中梦幻与现实的对话，解读梦幻何以提供一种可能性的参照，对现实进行检视。

本文第一章关注超现实主义对于昆德拉梦幻与现实观念的影响。超现实主义作家和昆德拉都旨在建设梦幻与现实之间的“连通”，重视二者的平等对话关系。而昆德拉在超现实主义理念的基础之上提出了自己的创见。他放弃了诗歌及其抒情特征，转而吸取堂吉诃德、卡夫卡、布洛赫等小说家的创作经验，在小说当中实现了梦幻与现实的连通，并以此对现实进行了理性的检视。第二章聚焦昆德拉的创作实践。该章第一部分分析昆德拉如何学习梦幻带有的想象力，以及如何在处理梦幻故事时找到灵感，在《笑忘录》中成就了梦幻叙事和复调叙事的典范。该章第二部分通过《身份》探讨了在昆德拉小说当中梦幻与现实对话的具体体现及其启发。第三章探索梦幻叙事带来的启发。昆德拉认为小说的独特性在于能够表现那些还未发生的可能性，并对于存在进行追问。通过“想象的生命”这一概念，考察如何通过梦幻的想象力展现人物以及昆德拉本人的经历。最后通过《不能承受的生命之轻》中托马斯的梦幻，提炼出该梦幻展现出的不确定性，并说明梦幻如何实现对可能性的探寻。而梦幻对于存在和可能性的追寻以及哲理性的思考，也是昆德拉认为小说文体相对于诗歌、哲学的优越性所在。

昆德拉小说中的梦幻叙事不仅在美学上给我们带来神奇的体验，还为我们带来想象、非理性思考的参照，在昆德拉小说作品的群山中，各色的梦幻叙事散发着独特的魅力，他以一种不确定的形态等待我们去发掘各自对于生活和存在的解读。

The oneiric elements in Milan Kundera’s novels represent a significant characteristic of his literary work. This article focus on the oneiric narratives within Kunder’s oeuvre to explore the aesthetic and philosophical dimensions embedded in his writing. By analyzing the interplay between dreams and reality in his novels, this study interprets how dreams provide a reference point for possibilities and enable a scrutiny of reality.

Chapter One examines the influence of surrealism on Kundera’s notions of fantasy and reality. Both surrealist writers and Kundera strive to establish a "connection" between the dreamlike and the real, fostering an egalitarian dialogue between the two realms. Building upon surrealistic principles, Kundera introduces his unique insights. He moves away from poetry and its lyrical attributes to draw on the narrative techniques of Don Quixote, Kafka, and Bloch, thus facilitating a seamless integration of dream and reality in his novels and conducting a rational analysis of reality. Chapter 2 delves into Kundera’s creative practices. It analyzes how Kundera harnesses the imaginative power of dreams and finds inspiration for crafting oneiric narratives, exemplified in The Book of Laughter and Forgetting, which serves as a model for both oneiric and polyphonic storytelling. The latter part of this chapter investigates the concrete manifestations and inspirations of the dialogue between dreams and reality in Kundera’s novels through Identity. Chapter 3 explores the enlightenments derived from oneiric narration. Kundera posits that the uniqueness of the novels lies in its capacity to depict unmanifested possibilities and to interrogate existence. Through the concept of an “imagined life”, this section examines how the dream-driven imagination can portray characters and Kundera’s personal experiences. In The Unbearable Lightness of Being, Thomas’s dreams are analyzed to extract the inherent uncertainty and to elucidate how dreams serve as a medium for exploring potentialities. Moreover, the pursuit of existence and possibility, alongside philosophical musings within dreams, underscores Kundera’s belief in the novel's superiority over poetry and philosophy.

The oneiric narratives in Kundera’s novels not only offer aesthetically enchanting experiences but also serve as points of reference for imagination and non-rational thinking. Amidst the myriad of oneiric narratives in Kundera’s literary mountains, each story radiates a unique allure, inviting readers to unearth their own interpretations of life and existence in an uncertain form.