财政是“人民的管家婆”，财政是“政府的钱袋子”，财政是各级人民政府执行国家职能的经济基础，地方政府的财政安全正日益成为中国国家经济安全的重要核心。然而，近年来我国各级地方政府面临的财政风险依然比较突出，对我国经济社会全面发展和构建和谐社会带来了巨大的压力。尤其在各地产业结构风险和国内金融风险形势依然严峻的今天，我们对于地方政府的财政风险，必须保持高度的警惕，深入开展调查工作，积极推进对策性研究，出台妥善措施控制和化解地方政府的财政风险。 财政风险就是政府的支付出现危机的风险，即国家财政无法按时支付应付的款项，主要表现为政府收不抵支和无力偿付到期债务。它与其他风险相比较，具有宏观性、公共性、传导性和可控性等特征，主要表现为地方财政的收入风险、支出风险和债务风险。财政风险的法律控制就是如何运用法律手段来预防和控制政府的财政风险。现阶段我国财政风险法律控制的主要内容包括《预算法》、《审计法》、《会计法》、《税收征管法》的控制。本文通过对美国、日本、德国等国家对地方财政风险控制情况的分析，借鉴国外诸如强化财政预算监管、合理配置地方税权、健全财政转移支付制度、规范地方政府融资、建立风险预警机制和财政风险准备金制度等成功经验，为我所用。 通过多角度的地方财政风险法律控制对策分析，分别从财政预算的角度分析风险控制的成因，提出从法律程序、制度以及执行中探索预算控制对策，加强预算硬约束，建立健全相关法律制度以及科学的财政预算制度体系；从地方财政收入风险的角度，提出完善相关立法，推进财政体制改革、治理“土地财政”模式的政策建议；从转移支付制度角度，提出制定和完善有关财政转移支付的法规，以立法形式规范转移支付制度的原则、内容、用途和监督等建议；从政府债务角度，结合广东省珠三角某地应对债务风险的一些做法，提出开放地方政府融资权限，规范地方政府融资行为，健全融资绩效考评机制，强化地方融资的监督责任等措施，依法规范控制地方的债务风险；从财政监督的角度，提出强化财政监督立法中的主体作用，提升立法层次、完善现有财政监督法律体系、财政复议法律制度等建议。归纳起来就是说，要加快构建我国科学的财政法律体系，进一步完善修订预算法、税法，研究制订转移支付法、地方公债法、财政监督法等法律。

“Finance is the citizen’s housekeeper.” “Finance is the government’s money-bag.” Finance is the economic basis of local government for executing state functions. Therefore, local government’s financial safety has become the key problem of national economic safety. However, our local governments are still facing serious financial risk. And the local financial risks have given great pressure to our economic progress and social harmony. Especially for today, when local industrial structure and domestic financial risk are still in a severe situation, we should pay high attention to local financial risk, researching thoroughly and enhancing policy study actively, to make out the appropriate measures to deal with it. Financial risk is the risk of payment shortage of government, which means national finance could not compensate the payables on time, and which behaves as public revenue exceeds public expenditure and due debt could not be redeemed. Compared to other risks, it is macroscopic, public, conductive and controllable. It consists of the risk of revenue, risk of expenditure and risk of obligation in local finance. Legal control of financial risk is about how to exercise legal measures to prevent and control government's financial risk. At present stage, our legal control of financial risk includes controls in Law of Budget, Law of Audit, and Law of Accounting and Taxation. In this article, the author analyze and summarize some clues from the local financial risk control in the United States, Japan and Germany, from references to their successful experiences, such as strengthening supervision on public finance budget, reasonable deployment of local taxation authority, improving financial transfer payment system, standardizing local government's financing, establishing risk precaution and risk reserve system. The author discuss the legal measures for local financial risk control with multi-aspect analysis. Analyzing the cause of formation of risk control in the aspect of financial budget, the author indicate that we could look for the solutions in legal procedure, legal system and enforcement of law, strengthen budget tight restriction, establish and improve the relative legal system and scientific financial budget system. In the aspect of local revenue, the author draw some suggestions on improving legislation, propelling financial system reform and improving approaches to control 'land finance'. In the aspect of transfer payment, the author propose some advice on improving the legislation on financial transfer payment to modify the principles, contents, purposes and supervision of the system. In the aspect of local government obligations, from references to the approaches applied in pearl river delta area, the author make some advice on broadening local financing power, standardizing local financing behavior, improving performance appraisal system, strengthening supervision liability, and regularizing the risk control of local government obligation. In the aspect of financial supervision, the author come up some points of view on emphasizing the principal role of supervision in financial legislation, enhancing the level of legislation, improving the existing legal system of financial supervision and financial review system. In short, we should step forward to establish our scientific financial legal system, improve the amendment of the law of budget and law of taxation, explore the formulation of law of transfer payment, law of local public obligation, law of financial supervision.