正念养育是指在当下任何时刻，以不反应、不评判的方式有意识地将意识和注意力转移到孩子身上的过程。许多研究表明，正念养育对养育因素和父母的心理结果、孩子的情绪和行为结果以及家庭关系有积极的影响。然而，也有许多研究发现在进行正念养育的干预之后，父母的正念养育水平没有发生变化，或者父母的养育压力等心理结果没有显著变化。不一致的研究发现可能是由于不同研究者对于正念养育概念的理解不同，制定的正念养育方案也有所不同。基于此，本研究采用网络分析方法，探索“正念养育”的概念以及确定正念养育的核心成分。

本研究通过网络发放问卷的方式，招募了2237名6-12岁儿童的家长，利用正念养育问卷测量家长的正念养育水平。根据正念养育问卷的原始项目分数及网络计算工具包，构建项目级别的网络，通过网络的中心性指标，确定正念养育的核心内容。

正念养育的三个核心项目分别是“当我尝试做一些作为父母要做的事情但效果未如理想时，我可以接纳它们并继续努力”和“我试着去了解我的孩子的想法，即使他/她的意见我认为是不合理的”，这两个条目都来自“对自己和孩子不加评判地接纳”维度，以及“当我的孩子正在经历艰难的时刻，我试着给他/她关怀和关心他/她需要”，这属于“对自己和孩子的慈悲”维度。

本研究是使用网络分析的方法对正念养育的核心概念进行项目级别的网络构建的首项研究。研究发现有助于形成关于正念养育的网络模型，构建关于正念养育的网络理论，加深了研究者对于此概念的理解，更好地服务于后续有关正念养育的实证研究和干预研究。通过确定正念养育的核心内容，帮助实践人员开发更有有效的正念养育的干预策略，促进儿童的身心健康发展。

Mindful Parenting is the process of consciously shifting awareness and attention to the child in a non-reactive, non-judgmental way in any moment of the present moment. Many studies have shown positive effects of mindful parenting on psychological outcomes for parents, emotional and behavioral outcomes for children, and family relationships. However, there are also many studies that have found no changes in parents’ levels of positive parenting or no significant changes in psychological outcomes such as parenting stress after interventions in mindful parenting. Inconsistent findings may be due to the fact that different researchers have different understandings of the concept of positive parenting and have developed different positive parenting programs. For this reason, this study used a network analysis to explore the concept of “mindful parenting” and to identify the core components of positive parenting.

The study recruited 2,237 parents of children aged 6-12 years old through a web-based questionnaire, and measured their level of mindful parenting using the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting. Based on the raw item scores of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting and the R packages of network computing, an item-level network was constructed, and the core components of mindful parenting were identified through the centrality index of the network.

The three core items of mindful parenting are “When things I try to do as a parent do not work out, I can accept them and move on” and “I try to understand my child’s point of view, even when his/her opinions do not make sense to me”, both of which come from the dimension of “non-judgmental acceptance of self and child”, and “When my child is going through a difficult time, I try to give him/her the nurturing and caring he/she needs”, which belongs to the dimension of “compassion for self and child” dimension.

This study is the first of its kind to use network analysis to construct item-level networks on the core concepts of mindful parenting. The findings of the study helped to form a network model of positive parenting, construct a network theory of positive parenting, and deepen the researchers’ understanding of the concept to better serve subsequent empirical and intervention research on mindful parenting. By identifying the core components of positive parenting, it will help practitioners develop more effective intervention strategies for mindful parenting to promote children's healthy development.