“荷马研究”是西方语文学、西方文学、西方文化学最经典的课题。其中，泰尔的波尔菲利奥斯(Porphyry of Tyre，公元232年—305年)的荷马研究是公元3世纪最重要的荷马研究成果。在中世纪，波尔菲利奥斯的荷马研究一度失传；文艺复兴时期，又被重新发现；从19世纪起，西方古典学者越来越重视波尔菲利奥斯的荷马研究，其研究成果陆续不断问世。波尔菲利奥斯的《荷马问题》受重视的缘起是德国著名的古典学家沃尔夫(Friedrich August Wolf)1795年发表《荷马序言》，提出“荷马问题”。此后，荷马是谁、“荷马”是单数还是复数、荷马史诗写于何时、何地以及在什么情况下所写等问题，成为荷马研究者探讨的核心课题。而波尔菲利奥斯的荷马研究受到重视有以下三点原因：第一，它是西方古典学者了解和认识古典时期荷马学术研究史的重要参考资料；第二，它是反驳沃尔夫“荷马问题”的重要参考文献；第三，波尔菲利奥斯是以荷马史诗作为最重要的“精神武器”，抵御3世纪时强势崛起的基督教思想。 虽然波尔菲利奥斯的荷马史诗研究在西方荷马史诗研究史上占有重要地位，但在中国，波尔菲利奥斯的荷马研究，知者甚少。因此，波尔菲利奥斯其人、其荷马研究的成果、其研究的学术方法、其在荷马研究史上的贡献、其研究对当代学术的价值都是极值得研究的课题，且是一个具有国际前沿性质的学术课题。 本论文的研究共分为六个部分： “绪论：走进波尔菲利奥斯的荷马研究”述辨波尔菲利奥斯其人，归纳其荷马研究的成果，梳理西方对其研究的历史，并说明本论文宏观的研究理念和具体的研究方法。 第一章“波尔菲利奥斯的生平、著作及学术评价”。 鉴于中国学界对波尔菲利奥斯所知不多，所以有必要对这些内容进行介绍。本章由三节构成：第一节是梳理波尔菲利奥斯的生平和学术历程，厘清普罗提诺和朗吉努斯对他的学术影响；第二节归纳波尔菲利奥斯的著述，列出其传世的作品；第三节是在前人研究的基础上评价其学术成就。 第二章“《荷马问题》的重构及其翻译”分为二节：第一节“重构荷马问题的可靠抄本”以当代美国古典学者约翰·A. 马克费尔(John A. MacPhail Jr.)版的《波尔菲利奥斯论<伊利亚特>的荷马问题》(简称《荷马问题》)为例，梳理马克费尔重构《荷马问题》的五个可靠的来源；第二节“波尔菲利奥斯《荷马问题》的英语译本” 梳理其《荷马问题》在英语世界中已有的译本，并讨论这些译本的成绩和缺点。 第三章“《荷马问题》生成的基础”由二节构成：第一节“波尔菲利奥斯《荷马问题》生成的语文学基础” 试图指明古希腊文字的发展和语法的深化是波尔菲利奥斯的《荷马问题》研究的重要基础；第二节“波尔菲利奥斯以前的‘荷马问题’研究”从“荷马问题”研究史的角度，尝试论证亚里士多德的“荷马问题”和阿瑞尔斯塔库斯的“荷马问题”在研究理念与方法上，对波尔菲利奥斯《荷马问题》的影响。 第四章“《荷马问题》：语文学研究的范式”主要探讨波尔菲利奥斯在荷马史诗研究中所运用的语文学的研究方法。本章共两节，第一节“荷马命运观的释义与释疑”，分析波尔菲利奥斯如何利用语文学的研究方法，完成从字到句的分析，实现从句到段以及篇的解释，最后证明“命运是不可抗拒”的结论。波尔菲利奥斯从对命运的四个古希腊语单词——μο?ρα、α?σα、π?ρω和κ?ρε——入手，驳斥命运是可以抗拒的荒谬观念，捍卫荷马所树立的命运是不可抗拒的命运观念；第二节探讨波尔菲利奥斯如何在自己的《荷马问题》中，从历史、习俗和文体的角度，解释此前荷马批评者所聚讼的“荷马问题”。 第五章和第六章研究波尔菲利奥斯的《论仙女的洞穴》。《论仙女的洞穴》是波尔菲利奥斯的一篇长论文，逐句解释《奥德赛》的第十三章的102-112行诗。第五章“波尔菲利奥斯《论仙女的洞穴》的传播及其考证”由二节构成：第一节“波尔菲利奥斯《论仙女的洞穴》的传播” 的写作目的是探究《论仙女的洞穴》的创作时间，梳理它的传播，指出《论仙女的洞穴》（在西方）的传播、接受是 与《奥德赛》的经典化程度成正比：《奥德赛》的文学史地位决定了《论仙女的洞穴》的传播和接受状况，最后整理其在英语世界的翻译情况；第二节“波尔菲利奥斯《论仙女的洞穴》的考释”根据西方考古学者对古希腊的考古发现，考证“伊萨卡洞穴”的真实性，厘清波尔菲利奥斯对前人研究成果的继承关系，解释“洞穴”(?ντρον)的神圣性意蕴。 第六章“《论仙女的洞穴》的讽喻解释及解释中的东西方对话”由三节构成：第一节“波尔菲利奥斯讽喻解释的基础” 梳理在波尔菲利奥斯以前的时代讽喻解释的发展和演变；第二节“波尔菲利奥斯的《论仙女的洞穴》：讽喻解释的继承与发展” 论证波尔菲利奥斯讽喻解释理论对此前讽喻解释方法的继承与发展；第三节“《论仙女的洞穴》：东西方对话中的讽喻解释” 分析波尔菲利奥斯如何以对话思维解释伊萨卡洞穴的象征意义。 “结语：波尔菲利奥斯荷马研究的意义与价值” 主要从三个方面总结了波尔菲利奥斯荷马研究的意义和价值：首先，《荷马问题》誊录了古典世界的“荷马问题”，是一份珍贵的学术文献；其次，波尔菲利奥斯从语文学方法和讽喻解释方法切入，分析、研究和阐释荷马史诗，其示范性意义巨大；第三，波尔菲利奥斯的荷马史诗研究，见证了公元3世纪古希腊所代表的西方文明和波斯、埃及所代表的东方文明之间的交流与对话。

Abstract The research of Homer is undoubtedly one of the most important topics in the Western philology, literature and culturology. Among all the researchers, Porphyry of Tyre (232 ~305) is one of the most important scholars on Homer in the 3rd century AD. In the Middle Ages, his Homeric Questions were lost and then rediscovered in the Renaissance period. Since the 19th century, classical scholars in the West have been paying more and more attention to the Homeric research of Porphyry, and their research results have been published one after another. The background of Porphyry’s Homeric Questions is the Homer Questions which were put forward by German classicist Wolfe in 1795. Since then, questions such as “who is Homer? Is Homer singular or plural? When, where and under what circumstances was Homer's epic written?” have become the core of Homeric Questions. There are three reasons why Porphyry’s Homeric Questions have been paid attention to: Firstly, it is the main reference material for western classicist to understand the history of Homer's academic research during the classical period. Secondly, it is an important document refuting Wolfe's Homeric Questions. Thirdly, Porphyry takes Homer epic as the most important “spiritual weapon” to resist the strong rise of Christianity thought in the third Century. Although the Homeric Questions by Porphyry occupies an important position in the history of western Homer epic research, it is seldom known in China. His achievements in Homer's research, his academic methods, his contributions to the history of Homer's research, and the value of his research to contemporary learning are all worthy of studying, and they are also a subject of international academic frontier. The main body of this dissertation consists of six parts: In the Introduction, the author tries to make clear who Porphyry is, searching for all of his works on Homer, offering an account of the history on his research in the West, while providing a general outline of the macroscopic research ideas and specific research methods of this thesis. Chapter One, entitled “Porphyry’s Life, Works and Comments on his Academic Achievements” is composed of three sections: the first section is to sort out the life and academic achievements of Porphyry, and clarifies the academic influences of Plotinus and Longinus on him. The second section makes a full list of Porphyry’s works, especially those living ones. The third section evaluates his academic achievements on the basis of previous studies. Chapter Two, “Reconstruction and Translation of Homeric Questions”, is divided into two sections: the first section, “Reliable Transcripts of Reconstructing Homeric Questions” focuses on John A. MacPhail’s “Porphyry's Homeric Questions on Iliad”, discussing the five reliable sources of his reconstruction of Homeric Questions. The second section, “English Ttranslation of Porphyry’s Homeric Questions”, discusses achievements and shortcomings of his Homeric Questions in the English world. Chapter Three, “The Basis of the Generation of Homeric Questions”, consists of two sections: the first section “the Philological Basis of the Generation of Porphyry’s Homeric Questions” tries to point out that the development of ancient Greek characters and the deepening of grammar are the important foundations of the study of Homeric Questions by Porphyry. The second section “the Study of Homeric Questions before Porphyry” explains and expounds how Porphyry’s Homeric Questions is affected by Aristotle’s and Aristarchus’ “Homeric Questions” in terms of the ideas and methods of research from the standpoint of academic history. The Fourth Chapter, “Homeric Questions: a Philological Paradigm”, which includes two sections, focusing on the philological methods used by Porphyry in his studies of Homer’s epics. The first section “Interpretation and Clearing up Doubts on Homer's View of Fate” discusses how Porphyry interprets Homer on different linguistic levels from word, sentence, paragraph and text, and then comes to a convincing conclusion “Fate is irresistible”. Porphyry refutes the fallacy that Fate can be disobeyed, and defends the idea of irresistible fate of Homer by four ancient Greek words——μο?ρα、α?σα、π?ρω and κ?ρε. The second section exhibits how Porphyry explains “Homeric questions” presented by former scholars from the standpoint of history, custom and style in his Homeric questions. The Fifth Chapter and the Sixth analyze Porphyry’s “On cave of the Nymphs”, which is a long paper written by Porphyry, elucidates the lines 102-112 in the thirteenth book of “Odyssey” sentence by sentence. The Fifth Chapter “the Spread and Textual Criticism of Porphyry’s ‘On cave of the Nymphs’” consists of two sections: the purpose of the first section “Spread of Porphyry’s ‘On cave of the Nymphs’” is to explore the writing time of “On cave of the Nymphs”, to sort out its spread, and to point out that transmission and reception of this treatise is in proportion to the classic status of “Odyssey”: “Odyssey”’s status in the literary history determines its transmission and reception. The second section “ Textual Criticism of Porphyry’s ‘On cave of the Nymphs’” examines the authenticity of Ithaca Cave, clarifies Porphyry’s inheritance from previous research results, and explains the sanctity of the cave. The Sixth chapter “An Allegorical Interpretation of ‘On cave of the Nymphs’ and a Dialogue between the West and the East” consists of three sections: the first section “the Basis of Porphyry's Allegory Interpretation” introduces the development and evolution of the allegorical interpretation of Porphyry before the classical era. The second section “‘On Cave of the Nymphs’: the Inheritance and Development of the Allegorical Explanation” demonstrates the inheritance and development of Porphyry's allegorical interpretation theory. The third section “‘On cave of the Nymphs’: Allegorical Explanation in the East—West Dialogue” analyzes how Porphyry explains the symbolic meaning of Ithaca cave with dialogue thinking. The Conclusion,“Meaning and Value of Porphyry's Homeric Questions” summarizes the significance of Porphyry's Homeric Questions in three aspects: firstly, it bears Homeric Questions in the classical world, so it is a cherished historical document; secondly, it analyzes, studies and interprets Homeric Questions from the perspective of philological methods and allegorical explanations, setting a paradigm in research of Homer; thirdly, Porphyry's Homeric Questions witnesses the exchange and dialogue between the Western civilization represented by Greece in the 3rd century BC, and the Eastern civilization represented by Persian culture and Egyptian culture.