地表水-地下水相互作用影响下的傍河水源地的水位、流量和水质变化问题是研究的热点和难点，在近些年尤为引人关注。其中开采井的出水能力和水位决定了傍河水源地的可持续供水能力，出水水质不仅是傍河水源地选址和建设时需要考虑的重要因素，还是后处理净水工艺设计的决定性因素。傍河水源地的水动力过程除了受水文和水文地质条件的控制之外，还受到傍河水源地开采方案（如井河距离、开采井布局、开采量和水位降深等）的影响。水质的演化过程则更加复杂，很大程度上受源水水质、混合比例和滞留时间的影响，这些因素本质上又受控于水动力条件。受自然条件复杂性和调查研究手段的局限性，目前对傍河水源地的水动力过程和水质演化机理有待进一步研究。 本文以哈尔滨某试验型傍河型水源地为例，在详细识别和精细刻画试验场地条件的基础上，在丰水期、平水期和枯水期分别开展抽水试验研究工作。采用时间序列法和条件类比法分析了试验井水位、水量和水质随时间的变化过程。通过镜像法求得了试验井降落漏斗的影响范围，采用地下水动力学方法求得了地下水在岸滤系统的滞留时间，采用环境示踪法和地下水动力学方法计算了开采井中地表水的来水比例。3期抽水试验表明： （1）试验井水位在不同试验条件下均能在较短时间达到稳定，且不会发生持续性水位下降，表明开采条件下试验井周围能够很快形成比较稳定的降落漏斗。随着抽水量的增大，水位达到稳定所需的时间越长。在停止抽水后，试验井的水位在短时间内（1天）均可恢复至试验前的水平。表明开采井接受补给的能力比较强，地表水和地下水在天然状态和开采状态下均存在较强的水力联系。 （2）试验井出水量在不同试验条件下均比较稳定，没有随时间的延长发生明显的衰减，当流场稳定后，丰、平、枯水期开采井中地表水的来水比例没有明显差异，均为60%左右。枯水期开采井袭夺江水量只占江水流量的很小一部分（0.03%），因此傍河取水对江水的水资源和河流生态环境的影响甚微。 （3）与地表水相比，井水的水质和水温都更加稳定，因此对后处理工艺的设计和长期稳定运行更有利。岸滤系统对试验井水质提升具有一定效果，但是总体上比较有限。岸滤系统对水质提升效果的发挥取决于两个条件：地表水地下水的水质对比情况和井水中地表水和地下水的相对比例。所以岸滤系统预处理功能的发挥以具备一定的条件为前提，即不具有普适性。

Variations in water level, water yield and water quality of riverside well fields under the impact of surface water-groundwater interactions have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. The stable well capacity and water level ensure a sustainable water supply in both dry and wet seasons while water quality is important to the process design of post-treatment water purification. The hydrodynamic processes of riverside well field are not only influenced by the hydrological and hydrogeological conditions, but also affected by different exploitation schemes such as well spacing, distance between wells and river, safe yield, and allowable drawdown. The water quality from the production wells is largely influenced by the residence time of the surface water as it flows downward through the Riverbank filtration (RBF) system and by the mixing ratio of surface water and groundwater, which are controlled by hydrodynamic conditions. Limited by the complexity of natural conditions and investigation and research methods, the hydrodynamic processes and water quality evolution mechanism are still worth further studying. This results of this study will facilitate future investigations of riverbank filtration hydrology and water resources, while providing references for relevant engineering practices. In this study, an experimental riverside well field along the Songhua River in Northeast China was investigated by three pumping tests under different conditions during the high flow period and dry period. Mirror Image method was used in this work to determine the cone of depression of the groundwater level. Pumping well dynamics theory and environmental tracer theory was used to calculate the mixing ratio between the river water and the groundwater and residence time. Method of time series, comparative analysis and linear regression were used to reveal the water quality evolution during the pumping test. The result of this study is helpful to guide the design and construction of a riverside well field RBF system meeting the specific requirements. The main findings are as follows: (1) The water level of the pumping wells investigated in this study remained steady without continuous declining after a period of pumping, indicating that they were adequately recharged by allogenic water during the pumping test. With the increase of pumping rate, the time of water level being stable is longer. The water level of pumping wells approached the pre-pumping level within 1 day stopping the pumping. The results showed that the capacity of pumping well recharged by river water is very strong and there is a strong hydraulic relationship between river water and groundwater under the condition of natural exploiting state. (2) In addition, the yield of each pumping well increased steadily and did not decrease as the pumping hours increased. The proportions of the river water and the groundwater reached ~60% and ~40%, respectively, after the water level of the pumping well remained steady, which reflected the superior storage capacity of the RBF. The quantity of infiltrated river water induced by pumping only accounted for a small fraction (0.03%) of the river water flow in the case of large surface water flow, which indicated that RBF has little impact on river water resources and river ecology. (3) Compared with the river, the water quality and temperature of well water are more stable, which is more favorable for the design of post-treatment process and long-term stable operation. RBF system provided certain pretreatment effect on some water quality parameters, but it is limited on the whole. The pre-treatment of RBF depends on two prerequisites, comparison of the quality of surface water and groundwater and their relative proportions in pumping water. If the quality of groundwater is better than that of surface water, the quality of the pumping water would be better than that of surface water. Otherwise, the quality of pumping water may be worse than that of surface water. Moreover, the quality of pumping water would be closer to that of the source water (surface water or groundwater) present in greater proportion. Therefore, the function of pre-treatment needs to meet certain conditions, which are not generally applied for all riverside well fields.