自古希腊以降，伦理学一直是西方哲学传统中最重要的学科之一。在当今全球化时代，由于世俗化浪潮的强势推进、传统价值秩序的崩塌及价值文化多元化等导致现代人生活、理想、心灵和信仰遭遇严重危机，“道德和政治”问题越来越成为现当代哲学的核心问题。以至于有学者说当代西方哲学已经转向了“实践理性”。在这一新的哲学格局中，马克思还有他的独特位置吗？如果有，是一个什么样的位置？虽然马克思不是一个伦理学家，不像亚里斯多德、休谟、康德、斯密、边沁等有一个成型的伦理学文本，可这能成为马克思没有伦理学的理由吗？丹尼尔•贝尔在《资本主义文化矛盾》中说所有涉及“现代性问题”的社会学说都必然是“与马克思对话”。在英美分析马克思主义阵营中，曾有过一场“马克思是否认为资本主义为不正义？”的问题之争。这场论战在激活马克思的文本与当代正义问题对话的时候，也透露出一个颇有意味的问题：马克思有没有一个伦理学？我们知道，马克思明显地谴责资本主义私有财产体系而提倡社会主义或共产主义，他批判资本主义的依据是什么？论证社会主义或共产主义的理由又是什么？本文将采用文本分析的方法重点分析“异化”和“剥削”两个概念来论述马克思的道德关切，并尝试回答上述问题。笔者认为，“异化”和“剥削”背后隐含着或可以还原为马克思非常珍视的三个重要价值原则：自由（自我决定）、人类共同体和自我实现。而上述三个价值之所以被马克思视为“瑰宝”，因为他看来，它们关系到“一个绝对命令”——人的尊严，笔者进而将马克思的伦理学定位于一种“混合义务论”。

From ancient Greek , ethics has been one of the most important subjects in the Western philosophical tradition. In today’s era of globalization, a strong wave of secularization, the collapse of the traditional value system, and the value &cultural pluralism, that result in a series of serious crisis on our modern life, for example our ideas, minds and faiths, so “moral and political” problem has increasingly become the core issue of contemporary philosophy. In that situation, some scholars have said that the contemporary western philosophy has turned to the “practical reason”. In this new philosophical pattern, is there a unique position for Marx? If yes, What is the kind of his position? Doesn’t Marx have an ethics on the basis of the fact that Marx isn’t an ethicist unlike Aristotle, Hume, Kant, Adam•Smith, Bentham, etc. have a molded ethics text? In the Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism, Daniel•Bell said that all kinds of sociological theory on “modernity” have to “dialogue with Marx”. There had been a dispute that “Is capitalism unjust in Marx’s view?” in the camp of the Anglo-American analysis of Marxism. In the activation the Marx's text and dialogue with contemporary justice, at the same time, that controversy revealed a quite meaning question that “Is there an ethics or not in the Marx’ text?” As we all know that Marx condemned the capitalist private property system and promoted socialism or communism, but what is his critique of capitalism based on? And what are his arguments that justify socialism or communism? This paper will focus on the analysis of the two concepts of “alienation” and “exploitation” through text analysis to show Marx's moral concerns and try to answer those questions. I strongly think that the “alienation” and “exploitation” can be restored to the three important principles of value that Marx very cherished: freedom (self-determination), the human community and self-realization. In his view, the three principles of value that Marx regarded as “treasures” relate to “an absolute command” - human dignity, I turn to Marx's ethics located in a “mixed deontology”.