全球经济的迅猛发展导致世界许多国家的金属资源消费和需求快速增长，由于世界金属资源地域分布不均匀，  中国开始与世界各国进行金属资源的贸易往来，国际贸易在中国金属资源供求关系中占有重要位置。本研究通过物质流分析方法，选取我国铁、铝、铜、铅四种典型金属资源，基于中国海关HS编码和联合国网站商品贸易数据统计，以金属元素生命周期分析为基本框架，2018年为基准年，系统分析了中国典型金属资源国际贸易量、贸易额、各环节分类占比以及贸易空间格局。结果表明：（1）中国是金属资源净进口大国，但处于贸易顺差状态，我国金属资源商品有一定的国际竞争力；（2）贸易结构中，中国形成了“进口原材料，出口终端商品”的贸易空间格局,金属矿石为主要进口类型，金属合金、金属加工材及金属制品为主要出口类型；（3）中国典型金属资源大部分从金属资源较丰富或制造业较发达的国家进口，如澳大利亚、巴西、日本、韩国等；而出口的金属资源虽遍布全球，但主要集中于美国及周边亚洲国家。

The rapid development of the world economy has driven the rapid growth of demand for metal resources. Due to the imbalance in the global metal resource distribution and the development of the metal industry chain, China has conducted frequent trade transactions with other countries and the trade plays an increasingly important role in the supply of Chinese metal resources. Based on the characterization of metal life cycle, this study selects iron, aluminum, copper and lead as typical metal resources and analyzes the trade flow of metal-containing commodities, including metal-containing end products, between China and other countries worldwide in 2018, in order to reveal international trade pathways and the processes involved in global metal material flows. The results are as follows. (1) China was a net importer of metal resources, but it had an international metal trade surplus with 28.4 billion USD in 2018. (2) In the structure of trade flow, China formed a trade pattern of "imported raw metal materials and exported metal-containing products". More than 95% of the metal resources imported by China consisted of metal ore and 90% of the metal resources exported from China consisted of metal alloys, processed metal and metal products. (3) China imported metal resources mainly from metal-rich countries and some manufacturing-developed countries, like Australia, Brazil, Japan, and Korea. Although China’s metal resources were exported to all countries, exports were mainly concentrated in the United States and neighboring Asian countries. Based on this, suggestions on how to optimize the allocation of metal resources in the industrial chain and the international trade policy for metal-containing products were proposed.