Fibonacci 数列是历史上最有名的数列之一，它是由意大利数学家Fibonacci在他的《算盘书》(Liber Abbaci)中提出来的。它在人口理论、对策论、最优化理论、层次分析、运筹学领域都有十分广泛的应用。本文首先就Fibonacci 数列的由来、计算和性质做了详细叙述，然后介绍了Fibonacci数列的两个推广:Fibonacci 数列的通项与行列式的关系，以及广义 Fibonacci 数列。最后将Fibonacci 数列与植物里面一些现象联系到一起以及加以分析:Fibonacci 数列与植物花瓣及植物叶序的关系，并分析了植物中存在Fibonacci 数的理由。

Fibonacci series is one of the most well-known series in the history, proposed by Italian mathematician Fibonacci, in his book . It has a very wide range of applications in many fields, such as Population Theory, Game Theory, Optimization Theory, Analytic Hierarchy Process, and Operation Research. This paper first gave a detailed description of the origin, calculation and properties of Fibonacci series, and then intro-duced its two expansions: relationship between general term of Fibo-nacci series and the determinant, and generalized Fibonacci series. At last, we linked together and analyzed the Fibonacci series and some phe- nomena of plants such as: the connection of Fibonacci series and plant petals and the phyllotaxis plants, and we analyzed the reason why Fibonacci series exist in such plants phenomena.