在我国五社联动背景下，社区社会组织日益成为社区治理的重要主体，培育社区社会组织是社区发展的主要任务之一。但各地社区社会组织的培育存在差异化效果，尤其是我国的大部分社区社会组织存在自主能力差、行政化倾向严重等问题，可能原因在于培育的社区社会组织没有实现自组织。因此本文在自组织理论的指导下，探究社工的哪些做法会导致社区社会组织处于被组织的状态，以及应该如何正确培育社区社会组织导向自组织的发展路径。
通过实地参与社会服务项目的评估经验和对X机构项目执行人员的深度访谈、项目资料的梳理，本文借助案例研究法来比较两个项目的异同，本文发现：走向自组织发展路径的社区社会组织在使命驱动能力、内部治理能力、服务供给能力和资源链接能力方面都要优于被组织发展路径的社区社会组织。因此，如果社工作为社区社会组织的培育主体时，没有从社区社会组织的需求出发，仅仅按照服务计划书的流程开展服务，再加之不恰当的服务理念，就容易让社区社会组织一直处于被组织状态。为了培育社区社会组织走向自组织的发展路径，社工需要和社区社会组织之间建立支持性关系，要以社区社会组织为主体，看到社区社会组织的能力和优势，并沿着社区社会组织的需求行动，给与社区社会组织充分的成长空间，在实践中尊重社区社会组织的自主性、尊重社区多元主体的参与性并提供系统性的支持资源，就能逐渐引导被组织状态下的社区社会组织逐渐走向自组织的发展路径，真正参与到社区治理中，服务社区居民。
论文引入自组织理论对社区社会组织的培育问题进行解释，不仅拓展了自组织理论的应用领域，也从组织发展动力的角度提供了影响社区社会组织培育效果的答案，同时本文也在“U+B”结构理论的指导下总结了培育社区社会组织走向自组织发展路径的做法，有利于指导一线服务人员正确开展实践，助力社区社会组织的培育。

Against the background of five-sector linkage in China, community-based social organizations are increasingly becoming important actors in community governance, and cultivating community-based social organizations is one of the main tasks for community development. However, there are differences in the effects of cultivating community-based social organizations in different regions, especially in China, where most community-based social organizations have problems such as poor autonomy and strong administrative tendencies. This may be because the cultivated community-based social organizations have not achieved self-organization. Therefore, this paper, guided by the theory of self-organization, explores which practices of social work will lead to community-based social organizations being organized and how to correctly cultivate community-based social organizations towards a development path oriented towards self-organization.
Through on-site participation in the evaluation of social service projects, in-depth interviews with project implementers of X organization, and sorting out project materials, this paper uses case study method to compare the similarities and differences between two projects. This paper found that community-based social organizations that are moving towards a development path of self-organization are superior to those that are moving towards an organized development path in terms of mission-driven ability, internal governance ability, service supply ability, and resource connection ability. Therefore, if social workers, as the main body of cultivating community-based social organizations, do not start from the needs of community-based social organizations, and only carry out services according to the process of service plans, plus inappropriate service concepts, it is easy for community-based social organizations to continue to be in an organized state. In order to cultivate community-based social organizations towards a development path of self-organization, social workers need to establish a supportive relationship with community-based social organizations, look at the abilities and strengths of community-based social organizations as the main body, act along with the needs of community-based social organizations, provide ample space for the growth of community-based social organizations, respect the autonomy of community-based social organizations in practice, respect the participatory nature of diverse community entities, and provide systematic support resources. Gradually, community-based social organizations that are in an organized state can be guided towards a development path of self-organization, truly participating in community governance and serving community residents.
Introducing the theory of self-organization to explain the cultivation of community-based social organizations not only expands the application field of self-organization theory but also provides answers to the question of what affects the effectiveness of cultivating community-based social organizations from the perspective of organizational development. At the same time, this paper summarizes the practices of cultivating community-based social organizations towards a development path of self-organization under the guidance of "U + B" structural theory, which is conducive to guiding frontline service personnel to carry out practice correctly and helping cultivate community-based social organizations.