未成年人是祖国的未来和民族的希望。未成年人的主要成长区域是家庭，作为监护人的父母承担了未成年人的监护职责。但是，在家庭养育中仍然存在监护缺失的问题，监护缺失的原因主要如下。一是监护人的监护能力不足，具体为监护人年龄偏大、收入水平较低、缺乏养育知识等。二是监护人缺乏监护意愿，具体为监护人忽视对未成年人的抚养和教育。在父母监护不足的情况下，国家监护应该及时介入，保护未成年人的权益。 目前，我国在未成年人国家监护的法律建设上已取得了长足的进步，如《中华人民共和国民法总则》明确了在未成年人国家监护中民政部门应承担的首要职责，部分地方性法规通过设立亲职教育制度强化了国家力量在家庭教育中的作用。但现行的法律法规对未成年人国家监护的应有内容的规范依旧不足。鉴于此，有必要完善我国的未成年人国家监护制度。 全文可分为四大部分。第一部分叙述未成年人国家监护的概念和基本内容。具体包括未成年人国家监护的理论起源、概念和内容。 第二部分叙述我国未成年人国家监护制度的现状及存在的不足。首先，从监护支持、监护监督和代位监护制度三方面论述立法和实践的现状。其次，阐述三方面的不足。在监护支持方面，我国存在亲职教育制度的适用范围窄、儿童福利事业的资金投入不足等问题。在监护监督方面，我国现行的监护监督制度中缺乏专门机构的监督，监督的手段还不够专业。在代位监护方面，对监护能力的判定标准、民政部门的监护职责等内容还缺乏较具体的规范。 第三部分叙述域外国家的未成年人国家监护制度中具有代表性的内容。主要有德国的监护监督、监护执行人和设立监护法院等制度，美国的家庭寄养制度、家庭项目服务、学前教育与医疗保险等制度。德国的监护监督、监护执行人制度和美国的家庭寄养、家庭项目服务制度对我国具有借鉴意义。 第四部分主要论述未成年人国家监护制度的完善。针对我国现行的未成年人国家监护制度存在的问题，结合域外法中可借鉴的法律规范和制度，从确立未成年人国家监护的基本原则、完善未成年人国家监护的支持制度、完善未成年人国家监护的监督制度以及丰富未成年人国家代位监护制度四大层面提出完善我国未成年人国家监护制度的建议。

Minors are the future of the motherland and the hope of the nation. The family is the main area for the growth of minors, and the parents who are guardians assume the guardianship duties of minors. However, there is still a problem of lack of guardianship in family parenting, and the reasons for the lack of guardianship are mainly as follows. First, the guardian's ability to monitor is insufficient, specifically the guardian's age is too large, income level is low, and lack of parenting knowledge. Second, the guardian lacks the willingness to guard, specifically for the guardian to neglect the upbringing and education of the minor. In the case of inadequate parental supervision, state custody should promptly intervene to protect the rights of minors. At present, China has made great progress in the legal construction of the custody of minors. For example, the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China clarifies the primary responsibility of the civil affairs department in the custody of minors. Some local laws and regulations have passed. The establishment of a parent education system has strengthened the role of state power in family education. However, the current laws and regulations are still insufficient for the content of the content of the custody of minors. In view of this, it is necessary to improve the national guardianship system for minors in China. The full text can be divided into four parts. The first part describes the concept and basic content of juvenile state custody. Specifically, it includes the theoretical origin, concept and content of the national custody of minors. The second part describes the current situation and shortcomings of the national guardianship system for minors in China. First of all, the status quo of legislation and practice is discussed from three aspects: guardianship support, guardianship supervision and subrogation system. Secondly, elaborate on the shortcomings of the three aspects. In terms of custodial support, China has problems such as the narrow scope of application of the parental education system and insufficient capital investment in child welfare. In terms of guardianship supervision, China's current monitoring and supervision system does not play the role of a specialized agency, and the means of supervision are not professional enough. In terms of subrogation, there is still a lack of specific specifications for the criteria for judging the ability to monitor and the custody duties of the civil affairs department. The third part describes the representative content of the national guardianship system for minors in extraterritorial countries. There are mainly German supervision and supervision systems, guardianship executor systems and the establishment of guardianship courts, the United States family foster care system, family project services, preschool education and medical insurance systems. The supervision and supervision system in Germany and the family foster care and family project service system in the United States have reference significance for China. The fourth part mainly discusses the improvement of the national guardianship system for minors. In view of the problems existing in China's current national guardianship system for minors, combined with the legal norms and systems that can be borrowed from the extraterritorial law, the basic principles of juvenile state custody are established, the support system for minors' national custody is improved, and minors are improved. The supervision system of the state custody of the people and the enrichment of the subrogation system of the minors propose four suggestions for improving the national custody system for minors in China.