有关儿童情绪调节的理论模型及实证研究普遍认为，父母情绪教养方式与儿童心理健康之间存在关联性，且儿童情绪调节能力可能是这一关联的中间机制。但研究者也指出，应认识到父母情绪教养方式与儿童心理健康之间的关联性是概率性的而非确定性的。虽然目前对于上述关联性之间的研究已日趋丰富，但关注其间变化性的研究仍然缺乏，仅有少数研究者对父母情绪教养方式、儿童情绪调节和儿童心理健康之间关联中可能存在的调节变量进行探索，本研究将针对这一研究空白进行探索。此外，根据动态平衡和非稳态负荷理论，环境压力可能会破坏儿童的神经生理系统而对儿童心理健康造成负面影响，即儿童生理调节功能可能是父母情绪教养方式对儿童心理健康产生长期影响的中介机制。尤其当关注到与个体神经生理系统功能密切相关的具体心理病理症状（如，焦虑症状）时，探索儿童生理调节功能是否能够成为父母教养环境对儿童具体心理病理症状产生长期影响的中间机制颇具理论意义和现实意义。因此本研究将探索儿童生理调节功能在这一因果联系中的作用。综上所述，本研究将在中国家庭中探索父母情绪教养行为，儿童情绪调节以及儿童心理健康之间的关联性以及变化性。 本研究综合采用横向和追踪设计，对一至六年级的儿童及其家长进行研究。研究一通过横向研究，探究父母情绪教养方式对儿童总体心理健康水平的关联，并探索儿童情绪调节能力相关行为表现在这一关联中的中介作用，以及亲子合作质量对这一中介关系的调节作用。研究二在研究一的基础上，通过追踪设计，探究父母情绪教养方式对儿童焦虑症状的长期影响，并探索儿童自主神经系统调节功能在这一长期影响中的中介作用。 本研究发现： （1）父母对儿童消极情绪的支持型应对方式与儿童总体心理健康水平之间呈正向相关，父母对儿童消极情绪的不支持型应对方式与儿童总体心理健康水平之间呈负向相关，儿童情绪调节能力相关行为表现在父母应对方式与儿童总体心理健康水平的关联中起中介作用。 （2）亲子合作质量对上述中介效应起调节作用。当亲子合作质量较高时，父母支持型回应越多，儿童日常所表现出的情绪调节能力越好，儿童总体心理病理症状也越少；当亲子合作质量较低时，父母支持型回应与儿童日常情绪调节之间的关联性不显著。这一研究结果说明，较高质量的亲子合作可增益父母支持型情绪教养方式对儿童的积极影响。 （3）在父母对儿童消极情绪不支持型应对方式对6个月后儿童焦虑症状的长期影响中，儿童呼吸性窦性心律不齐（respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA）抑制起中介作用。具体来说，父母对儿童消极情绪的不支持型应对方式会使得儿童的RSA抑制不足，从而增加6个月后儿童的焦虑症状。这一结果表明，父母情绪教养行为会对儿童焦虑症状产生长期的影响，儿童自主神经系统调节功能可在该长期影响作用中起中介作用。该研究发现指明了家长对儿童情绪表达进行有效应对的重要性。家庭中不良的情绪教养环境会破坏儿童的生理适应力，增加儿童焦虑症状。

The theoretical model of emotion regulation and many empirical findings have suggested that children’s emotion regulation may mediate the association between parents’ emotion socialization and children’s psychological adjustment. However, limited research has been conducted on moderators of these relations, despite the argument that the associations between parenting practices and children’s psychological adjustment are probabilistic rather than deterministic. Additionally, according to the theory of allostasis and allostatic load, dynamic environmental stress might disrupt children’s neurophysiological systems, and in turn contribute to child psychopathological symptoms. In other words, children’s physiological regulation may plan an important role in mediating the long-term effect of parents’ emotion socialization on children’s psychopathological symptoms. Especially when focused on the psychopathological symptoms (e.g., anxiety symptoms) which are closely related to physiological regulation, it is of theoretical and practical significance to explore whether children’s physiological regulation could be the mechanism for the causal association between parents’ emotion socialization and children’s specific psychopathological symptoms. Thus we aimed to delineate the causal relations among parents’ emotion socialization, children’s physiological responses to emotional stimulation, and child anxiety symptoms. In summary, the present study would investigate both the association and the variability between parents’ emotion socialization, children’s emotion/physiological regulation and overall/specific psychological adjustment in Chinese families. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs were used to study children aged from 6 to 12 years old and their parents. Study 1 investigated the mediating role of children’s emotion regulation between the associations between parents’ emotion socialization and children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms, as well as the moderating effect of parent-child dyadic collaboration on the mediation models through a cross-sectional study. Based on study 1, study 2 investigated the mediating role of children’s physiological regulation for the long-term effect of parents’ emotion socialization on children’s anxiety symptoms though a longitudinal design. The results showed that: (1) Parent’s supportive emotion socialization were positively related to children’s psychological adjustment, parent’s unsupportive emotion socialization were negatively related to children’s psychological adjustment, and parent-report children’s emotion regulation mediated the links between parental emotion socialization and child’s psychological adjustment. (2) Evidence of moderated mediation was found: the link between parents’ supportive reactions and parent-report child emotion regulation was stronger when the parent and child showed higher levels of constructive collaboration but was weakened in the context of lower levels of dyadic collaboration. Our findings suggested that higher-level parent–child collaboration might further potentiate the protective effect of parental supportive emotion socialization practices against child psychopathological symptoms. (3) Unsupportive parents’ emotion socialization were related to child anxiety symptoms through the mediating effect of children’s respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) suppression during an positive affect discussion task, suggesting that children’s automatic nervous system seemed to be subject to allostatic load in the context of unsupportive emotion-parenting behaviors. Our findings demonstrate one specific neurobiological mechanism linking parenting behaviors and child anxiety. We also highlight the importance of training parents to respond effectively to children’s emotional expression to help children build physiological resilience and buffer against symptoms of psychopathology.