随着人类社会生活实践的深入与发展，价值和价值观研究，诸如价值的本质、价值结构、价值秩序、价值判断等问题，必须进行方法和内容的创新。舍勒描述了作为现象的价值世界图景，研究了价值意识的来源和生成问题，从而阐释了人们把握和认识先天的价值及其秩序的可能，为我们提供了一种价值和价值观研究的视角。本文基于舍勒的现象学方法，以把握先天价值为视角，即我们如何知道什么是好的、更好的，对其价值现象学进行深入的分析。 舍勒的价值思想为其所处的时代而生。他生活在欧洲精神陷入全面危机的时代：“上帝死了”，作为欧洲精神基础的基督教伦理遭到瓦解，传统价值标准逐渐失效，道德基础被破坏；现代人处于异化生存状态，价值相对主义、价值虚无主义随之而来，人们失去安身立命的根本。强烈的社会关怀促使舍勒为时代诊断，他认为时代的贫困，根本上首先是精神上的危机，他为时代难题和弊病开出了“药方”，即绝对价值体系的指引。 人的本质结构的分析是舍勒价值现象学的理论前提。把握和认识价值的主体是经验世界中的人，在舍勒看来，我们把握和认识本质的价值世界必须整个人努力介入。他把人作为整体来把握，认为人本质上是生命冲动与精神活动的相关贯通中的生成。人的根本特性在于人的精神存在，正是由于人的精神感受能力，好比人有直观先天的眼睛，发现了先天的价值领域；整个人的生成目标在于人格的生成，只有人格才是把握和认识价值及其秩序的“行为相关者”。人应当朝向人格以及价值本质世界去-存在和去-生成，人的实际的爱的秩序主宰着他的命运。 现象学是舍勒价值思想的方法论前提。他开创了价值现象学、情感现象学之先河。在他看来，现象学包括三方面的本质内容：一是实事现象学，描述观念性的先天，这是理解价值本质的前提；二是行为现象学，描述各种先天的情感现象，这是理解价值根源的前提；三是实事现象学与行为现象学之间的关联现象学，这是理解把握和认识价值如何可能的前提。现象学意义上的本质直观是把握和认识质料先天的方法。本质直观是“看的意识的技艺”，是价值事实在观念中的相应被给予，在人的心灵与世界交往中直接通达先天的价值世界。 基于现象学的审视，舍勒认为价值是先天之物，是一种可感受的现象。任何被直观到的价值都是作为有等级的价值，价值之间先天的等级次序就是价值秩序。价值及其秩序不依赖于它们所接受的存在形式，在逻辑上是在先于经验的，是价值载体的“第一信使”。在其根源上，价值不是理性的建构活动，而是在情感感受行为中显现自身，从而被人们所把握和认识。价值把握实际上就是价值感受、价值意识。价值先天的命题形式是“对……的感受”。与我们的现实生活紧密相关的善、目的、应然、幸福等“应当”“应该”都奠基在价值先天的实现之中。价值及其秩序先天作为“观念的客体”，只有功能化于事物、事态或人格中时才能获得其存在，也就是观念的如此-存在。 在精神直观中把握和认识先天的价值及其秩序是可能的。一是情感体验是把握和认识先天价值的内在根据。情感行为具有像理性一样的逻辑，在意向性感受活动中可以把握到先天的价值，情感感受不仅具有不同的类别，而且具有不同的深度，情感感受的层次与价值的结构具有对应关系；偏好与偏恶是意向性情感行为的更高层次，是直观的认识行为，在其中我们把握到价值的等级；爱与恨是意向生活与情感生活的最高阶段。爱的本质是原初的营造行为和构建行为，且先行于认识。作为爱的反面——恨，是价值感受发生紊乱的根源。心怀怨恨的现代人“拆除了价值世界的美的大厦”，进行着价值的伪造、价值的位移。二是精神的发展是把握先天价值的方法和规则。主观的价值增长，心灵培育的方向是人格的生成，具体条件包括：整个精神人格对绝对存在和绝对价值的爱；自我的屈尊和谦卑；对生命冲动的控制；可行的方法有“通过传统、潜移默化、教育”。 最后，立足马克思主义哲学，总体评价舍勒的价值现象学。舍勒价值现象学对当代价值和价值观研究有着多方面的积极启示，如价值等级秩序图谱，现象学方法在价值理论中的运用，价值和价值观研究的哲学人类学视角，情感感受在价值观接受与认同中的重要作用等。但舍勒价值论最大的问题就在于，其“先天”的前提错了，所谓的先天价值范畴，必定也是在现实的人的生存与发展中形成的，而绝对价值也只不过是价值客观性在某一历史阶段的相对对立性的表现。因为预设前提错误，导致其描述的绝对价值体系的有效性扑朔迷离。

With the deepening and development of human social life practice, we must innovate methods and contents in the study of value and values, such as the nature of value, value structure, value order and value judgement. Scheler described the value world picture as a phenomenon, studied the source and generation of value consciousness, and explained the possibility that people grasped and recognized the priori value and order, which provided us a perspective of value and values research. Based on Scheler's phenomenological method, we will grasp the priori value from the perspective of how we know what is good and better, and make an in-depth analysis of its value phenomenology. Scheler's thought of value was born for the time he lived in. He lives in a full-blown crisis in Europe, the spirit of the times: "God is dead", as the basic spirit of Europe was the collapse of the traditional Christian ethics, standard of value is invalid. The moral foundation is destroyed; modern people in alienation existence, value relativism and nihilism with fundamental value, people lose their surviving root. Strong social solicitude prompted Scheler to diagnose for the times. He believed that the poverty in the era is basically mental crisis. He prescribed a prescription for the problems and drawbacks of the times, that is, the guidance of absolute value system. The analysis of man's essential structure is the theoretical premise of Scheler's phenomenology of value. The main body of grasping and understanding the value is the person in the experience world. In Scheler's view, we must grasp and understand the essence of the value world. He holds man as a whole, and thinks that man is in essence the formation of the link between life impulse and spiritual activity. The fundamental characteristics of human existence is to the human spirit, because the spirit of human feelings, like people have innate intuitive eyes, discovered the value of innate domain; generating the whole person in the formation of personality, personality is the only "behavior related to grasp and understand the value and order". Man should go to the personality and the world of the essence of value - existence and generation, and the real order of love of man dominates his destiny. Phenomenology is the methodological premise of Scheler's thought of value. He pioneered the precedent of the phenomenology of value and the phenomenology of emotion. In his view, the essence of phenomenology includes three aspects: one is the practical phenomenology, describe the concept of birth, this is the premise to understand the essence of value; the second is the behavior of phenomenology, describing various innate emotional phenomenon, which is the premise to understand the origin of value; the third is practical as correlation phenomenon between phenomenology and behavioral science, which is the premise of understanding the value of understanding and how possible. The essential intuition in the phenomenological sense is to grasp and understand the innate quality of the material. The essential intuition is "the skill of seeing consciousness". It is the corresponding fact that value fact is given in the idea, and it directly reaches the inborn value world in the communication between human mind and the world. Based on the phenomenological examination, Scheler thinks that value is an priori thing, and it is a kind of sensation. Any value that is intuitionistic is the value of rank, and the order of value is the order of value. Value and order do not depend on the form of the existence they accept, and in logic it is the first messenger of the value carrier, which is preceded by experience. At its root, value is not a rational construction activity, but shows itself in emotional feeling behavior, which is grasped and understood by people. The value assurance is actually the value sense and the value consciousness. The propositional form of value innate is "to..." Feeling "." The "ought", which is closely related to our real life, are based on the realization of the priori value. As the object of "idea", value and order can be acquired only when it is applied to things, situations or personalities, that is, the existence of ideas. It is possible to grasp and recognize the priori value and order in the mental intuition. First, the emotional experience is the inner basis of grasping and understanding the congenital value. Is the same as the rational emotional behavior in logic, intentional feelings activities can grasp the priori value of emotional feelings, not only has the different categories, but also has different depth, structure and value of emotional feeling with the corresponding relation; preference and preference is a higher level of emotional behavior intention, cognition behavior directly, in which we hold to the value level; love and hate is the highest stage of life and emotional life intention. The essence of love is the original construction behavior and the construction behavior, and first in the understanding. As the opposite of love, hate, is the root of the disorder of the sense of value. The resentful modern man "demolished the mansion of the beauty of the world of value", and carried on the forgery of value and the displacement of value. The two is that the development of the spirit is the method and rule to grasp the innate value. The subjective value growth, cultivate the mind is in the direction of the formation of personality, the specific conditions include: the spirit of personality and the absolute value of the absolute existence of love; self condescension and humility; to control the impulse of life; feasible method of "through traditional, subtle, education". Finally, based on Marx's philosophy, the overall evaluation of Scheler's phenomenology of value. The value of Scheler Phenomenology on contemporary values and values of a positive enlightenment in many aspects, such as value hierarchy map, using the phenomenological method in the theory of value, research value and values from the perspective of philosophical anthropology, emotional feelings in values and accept the importance. But Scheler on the value of the biggest problem is that the " priori " premise is wrong, the so-called priori value category, will be formed in the survival and development of people in reality, but the absolute value is the only value of objectivity in a certain historical stage of the opposite performance. Because of the presupposition error, the validity of the absolute value system described by it is confusing.