对刑法中的不作为犯罪理论上主要是从不作为义务的来源、不作为与结果之间的因果关系和行为人的主观心态来进行研究的。刑法理论在关于不作为犯罪方面历来存在很大的争议。本文以2007年发生的一起“丈夫拒绝签字，怀孕妻子一尸两命”事件为切入点，旨在研究中国刑法中关于不作为犯罪的认定问题，探讨在婚姻生活之中，夫妻一方对配偶的救助义务问题，以及因为一方的不作为，导致危害结果出现，该承担何种法律责任。而对事件中的另一方主体——医院在此事件中又该承担什么责任的问题，则通过对当今中国医疗制度中的术前签字制度进行分析，解析此项制度存在的缺陷，提出自己的观点，希望在立法上能完善医疗制度，不再有类似的悲剧发生。　　　本文共分五个部分。第一部分，介绍肖志军案件的基本情况，引申出本文要讨论的话题。第二部分，主要是分析肖志军在本案中应该承担的刑事责任问题。主要是从三个方面来探讨，分别是，肖志军是否存在法定的救助义务；肖志军的不作为与结果之间的因果关系的判定；肖志军的主观罪过问题。第三部分，结合刑法中的期待可能性原理分析肖志军是否存在可宽恕的因素。第四部分，分析我国现行的医疗法规在肖志军案中的具体应用问题。本部分首先追溯了患者知情同意权的由来，详细分析了患者以及家属的知情同意在临床医疗中的意义所在。接下来探讨了在肖志军案中是否适用医生的紧急救治义务。最后，笔者对《执业医师法》第24条和《医疗机构管理条例》第33条进行解读，旨在明晰医院医生在肖志军案中已尽到最大责任，对于孕妇的死亡不应当承担法律责任。第五部分系文章的结语，简单介绍肖志军案件的后续发展，即直接由于此案发生而起草和制定的《侵权责任法》第56条。有了关于紧急救治更为具体的法律依据，就不会再出现第二个“肖志军”和“李丽云”了。

Not as a crime in the criminal law mainly from that not as a source of obligation, not as a result and the causal relationship between, and actor's subjective state of mind to study. Countries in criminal law of nonfeasance crime has always been there are a lot of controversy, this paper takes 2007 together \"husband refused to sign, a pregnant wife resin two life\" events as the breakthrough point, to study and determination of nonfeasance crime in Chinese criminal law issues, to explore in the marriage life, husband and wife partner assistance obligations, on the other party, and because of inaction, cause harm result, should bear the legal responsibility. And event the other party in the main body, the hospital, and in this case the assume what responsibility, through to the current Chinese health care system in the preoperative signature system analysis, parsing defects of the system, put forward their own views, hope can improve the system of medical treatment in the legislation, there will be no similar tragedies.　　 This article is divided into five parts. The first part, introduce the basic situation of XiaoZhiJun cases, lead to this article talk about the topic. The second part, mainly analyze XiaoZhiJun in this case should bear criminal responsibility. Mainly from three aspects to discuss, respectively, XiaoZhiJun whether there is a legal aid obligations; XiaoZhiJun inaction and the causal relationship between the results of the determination; XiaoZhiJun subjective sin problem. The third part, from the criminal law the principle of expectation of possibility analysis XiaoZhiJun exists to the factors of forgiveness. The fourth part, analyzing the defects existing in the today's health care system. This part first traces the origin of patients right of informed consent, and then analyzes the preoperative signature system, understand the hospital in such event, the real reason for the dilemma in the position analysis of the practice YiShiFa article 24 failed in the realistic reason, put forward the authors own opinion and the suggestion, hope in the future legislation on perfecting our country's medical system. The fifth part, the conclusion of the article, a brief introduction XiaoZhiJun the subsequent development of case, the author hope that through this article, the cause for concern, in order to make no more after another XiaoZhiJun and good-bye.