现代汉语量词的使用具有普遍性、复杂性和多样性的特点，是汉语的一大特色。汉语量词的使用反映了汉民族所特有的语言特点、文化特征及用汉语表达事物的思维方式，是对外汉语教学的重点和难点。本文以现代汉语个体量词为着眼点，在生成词库理论的物性结构框架下，结合认知语言学相关核心理论考察量词与名词搭配的实现路径及形成机制，以期为汉语量词与名词搭配现象提供较为统一和合理的解释，为汉语量词的后续深入研究与对外汉语量词教学提供借鉴和参考。
本文把体现汉语特色的个体量词作为研究对象，确定101个量词，其中，量名常规搭配中的量词92个，量名超常搭配中的量词9个。首先，在生成词库理论的物性结构框架下，基于量名语义关系，对量词进行重新分类。以此为基础，测试母语者对这些量词的使用情况，利用比例计算、Gephi算法等方法，对量名搭配的总体特征、量词使用的典型性进行考察。最后运用认知语言学的原型范畴及范畴化理论、隐喻和转喻理论，深入探究现代汉语量词形成目前这种语义层次和搭配情况的实现路径及形成机制。
在生成词库理论的物性结构框架下，本文研究一结合量词借词词类和语义来源，从量词凸显名词语义角色的视角，将量词重新分类为形式角色、构成角色、功用角色、处置角色、评价角色和事件角色六种类型。同时，因为量词词类是一种原型范畴，本文研究二利用原型范畴理论来考察汉语量词使用的典型性。通过实验获取汉语母语者心理词典中的量词与名词搭配的概貌，结合语料中的频率数据与量词语义特性，确立量词典型性的原则，找出量词范畴中的典型成员和非典型成员，明确不同量词成员在量词系统中的地位和价值。
量词具有给名词事物分类的功能，与量词语义一致的名词事物同量词搭配，就是量词对名词事物进行范畴划分的过程，即量词的范畴化。本文研究三发现，量词对名词事物范畴化的路径一般是从具体物到时间物再到抽象物。也有量词直接与抽象事物名词搭配，如量词“桩”。量词对名词事物范畴化的机制为隐喻和转喻，无论是量词与范畴的原型成员搭配，还是量词与范畴的边缘成员搭配，隐喻、转喻都起着十分重要的作用。基于此，本文发现基于转喻量名搭配的认知类型主要有部分—整体转喻、形状—事物转喻、评价—事物转喻、处置—事物转喻、行为—事物转喻、工具—加工对象转喻、容器—事物转喻、事件—事物转喻八种类型；基于隐喻的量名搭配有喻底本体共现隐喻、本体式隐喻、喻体式隐喻和整体量名搭配隐喻四种类型。在实际运用中，隐喻和转喻两种机制并不是泾渭分明，也有相互融合的情况，尤其是量词的适配范围发展到边缘成员，甚至出现与名词形成超常搭配的情况。针对这种特殊情况，本文研究四通过收集文学作品中量名超常搭配的用例，对量词与名词超常规搭配的语义基础和形成机制进行了探究，这是对量名常规搭配的补充，以此来呈现现代汉语量名搭配的完整样貌。

In modern Chinese, the universal, complex and diversified use of classifiers is a major feature. The use of Chinese classifiers reflects the language features and cultural characteristics unique to the Chinese and the way of thinking adopted for expression in Chinese, which is also an important and difficult point in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Under the framework of Qualia Structure in the Generative Lexicon Theory (GLT), this paper focused on modern Chinese classifiers and explored classifier plus noun collocations according to relevant key ideas in cognitive linguistics, in the hope of providing a relatively unified and reasonable interpretation of the phenomenon that classifiers collocate with nouns in Chinese, as well as inspiration and reference for in-depth research on Chinese classifiers and the teaching of Chinese classifiers.   
This paper studied individual classifiers embodying features of Chinese, of which 101 noun classifiers ，92 classifiers in regular classifier plus noun collocations, and 9 classifiers in irregular classifier plus noun collocations were determined. First, under the theoretical framework of Qualia Structure in GLT, noun classifiers were reclassified based on semantic relations between classifiers and nouns. Second, the use of classifiers by native speakers was surveyed, which explored the overall characteristics of classifiers plus noun collocations and the typical use of classifiers by means of ratio calculation, Gephi algorithms, etc. Last, relevant core theories of cognitive linguistics were employed to delve deeply into the path of realization and formation mechanism for modern Chinese classifiers to form the current semantic hierarchy and situation of collocations.
Under the framework of Qualia Structure in GLT, according to the parts of speech borrowed by classifiers and their semantic sources, the first study of this paper reclassified classifiers into six types from the perspective of the roles played by classifiers in highlighting the meanings of nouns, namely a formal role, a constituent role, a functional role, a role of handling, a role of evaluation, and a role of events. Meanwhile, as the part of speech of classifiers is a prototype category, the prototype theory was adopted to explore the typical use of Chinese classifiers. An experiment was conducted to get an overview of classifier plus noun collocations in the mental lexicon of native speakers, determine principles of typical classifiers based on frequency data and semantic features of classifiers in the corpus, find out typical and untypical classifiers in this category, and specify differences in status and value among different classifiers in the system. 
Classifiers serve the function of categorizing nouns of things, and when nouns of things collocate with the classifiers semantically aligned with them, it is a process of classifiers categorizing nouns of things, known as classifier categorization. The third study of this paper found that the classifier categorization of nouns of things generally follows the path from concrete things to time and to abstract things. Some classifiers such as “zhuang (桩)” also mainly collocate with abstract nouns in categorization. There are two mechanisms for the classifier categorization of nouns of things, namely metaphor and metonymy, which play a crucial role in whether classifiers collocate with prototype members or peripheral members of a category. On this basis, it was also found that classifier plus noun collocations based on metonymy can be divided into the eight cognitive types of metonymies for parts and the whole, shape and things, evaluation and things, handling and things, behavior and things, tools and processing, containers and things, and events and things. Metaphor in classifier plus noun collocations can be classified into the four types of metaphors with both the ground and the tenor, tenor-style metaphors, vehicle-style metaphors, and overall classifier plus noun collocation metaphors, according to whether the tenor, vehicle and ground of metaphor appear. In practical application, the two mechanisms of metaphor and metonymy are not clearly distinguished, but combined with each other in some occasions. In particular, when the collocative range of classifiers covers peripheral members, there may even be irregular classifier plus noun collocations. Given this special situation, the fourth study of this paper explored the semantic foundation and formation mechanism for irregular classifier plus noun collocations by collecting cases of irregular classifier plus noun collocations from literary works, which supplements regular classifier plus noun collocations and shows a complete picture of classifier plus noun collocations in modern Chinese.