当前，人类正从工业社会进入网络社会，以信息技术为代表的生产力提升驱动生产关系变革，进而驱动制度变迁。由于三者在速度上有快慢、时间上有先后，导致理论与实践脱节，转型节奏跟不上发展速度，治理能力跟不上转型要求。因此，如何治理成为当前网络社会发展迫切需求解决的一个重大命题。中国作为互联网大国，互联网已广泛渗透到经济社会的各个方面，也伴生了不少网络社会问题，更有必要加强相关理论研究，用于指导治理实践，促进网络社会良性发展，实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。 在此背景下，本论文紧扣网络社会治理问题，采取文献研究、调研访谈、案例研究等方式，以技术社会论、网络生态理论、协同治理理论为基础，从发展中寻找问题、针对问题提出治理策略，按照发展—问题—治理的逻辑，对网络社会的演进机制、问题及原因、网络社会治理体系进行了探讨，并通过共享单车治理案例进行实证研究。 通过详实的文献和访谈，本论文综合描述了网络社会的特征：在技术侧、社会侧分别具有在线化、数据化、便捷化、智能化和平台化、扁平化、网状化和微粒化的特征；在此基础上，创新性提出，网络社会在信息技术、网络设施、数字经济、数字政府的推进下发展，连接结构和权力结构不断变化和调适，并在技术的推动力和社会的反作用力共同作用下不断演化。在技术、经济、文化、社会层面，网络社会主要问题表现为数字鸿沟、行业无序、网络谣言、网络犯罪等，产生的原因主要是由于网络社会发展中的结构变化而引发的多方面失衡，具体体现为网络的渗透式发展、线上—线下双重社会的割裂与融合、政府—企业—社会的互动与博弈这三方面，进而产生社会分层、伦理冲击、自律缺乏、信息污染等影响。基于网络社会发展演进机制和网络社会问题及原因的分析，网络社会治理应从理念层、行为层、组织层三个方面构建体系，要遵循以人为本、协同共治、包容审慎的理念，采取技术治理、市场调节、制度规范、文化引导等方式，通过平台企业自治、行业自律约束、政府行政管理等组织模式落实，并推动政府—企业—社会协同治理。 本论文还取得以下三点主要创新：一是提出网络社会的发展演进机制，即主要是在信息技术发展为主的驱动力以及社会结构调适的反作用力共同作用下发展演进；二是指出网络社会问题产生的主要原因，是由网络的渗透式发展、线上—线下双重社会的割裂与融合以及政府、企业、社会三类主体的互动与博弈这三大失衡所导致；三是提出网络社会治理体系，集理念、组织、行为三位一体，目标是实现网络社会善治。 共享单车作为共享经济的代表性产物，解剖这一案例，可以验证对网络社会的发展—问题—治理思路验证。共享单车服务人群规模大、实体使用频次较高，依托新一代信息技术快速发展，参与城市公共交通的供给，是近年网络社会中出现的新兴业态。一是共享单车的发展体现了网络社会发展演进的规律，二是共享单车发展太快，产生了不少问题，三是共享单车需要政府、企业、社会共同参与治理。通过案例分析可以看出，共享单车的治理，不单单是政府管理、企业自治或是社会监督，而是通过深度调整建立“政府-企业-社会”三者协同的治理体系。在“政府-企业-社会”协同治理体系中，传统政府行政管理表现出“包容审慎鼓励创新创业行为”的转变。企业作为共享单车的运营主体，在政府宏观指导政策之下，制定平台治理规则及机制，承担平台治理的主要职责；共享单车的使用主体、第三方组织是不可或缺的协同治理力量，积极参与到共享单车的治理过程中。

During the current transition from the industrial society to the network society, the promotion of productivity represented by information technology drives the transformation of production relations, and further drives the change of systems. The promotion of productivity, the transformation of production relations and the change of systems can happen with different speed and at different time. As a result, our theory is disjointed with practice, the transformation rhythm lags behind the development speed, and the governance capability falls behind the transformation requirements. Therefore, how to govern has become an urgent issue to be solved in the development of current network society. In China, a big Internet country, the Internet has penetrated into various aspects of the economy and society, and accordingly produced many network society problems. It is necessary to reinforce theoretical research to guide governance practice, promote healthy development of the network society and achieve the modernization of national governance systems and capability. Focusing on network society governance, this paper adopts research methods such as literature research, research interviews and case studies, and makes use of theories on technology society, network ecology and collaborative governance. It finds problems from the development course and proposes governance strategies to them. Along with the “development – problem - governance” logic chain, the paper discusses on the evolvement mechanism of network society, its problems and causes, as well as its governance systems. The paper also makes empirical research through the case of shared bicycle management. This paper reaches the following conclusions: 1) At the technical side the network society features the tendency of being online, digital, convenient and intelligent, and at the social side that of being platform-based, flattened, reticular and particulate; 2) Promoted by the information technology, network infrastructure, digital economy and digital government, the network society continues to develop, its connection structure and power structure continue to change and adapt, and it evolves under the driving force of technology and the counterforce of society. At the technical, economic, cultural and social levels, the major problems of network society include digital divide, industrial disorder, online rumors and cyber crimes. The reasons of these problems lie in various imbalances brought about by the structural change in the development of network society. Three major aspects of imbalances are the penetrating development of the network, the separation and integration of the “online - offline” dual society, and the interaction and games between the government, the enterprises and the society. All these can have impacts on social stratification, ethics conflicts, lack of self-discipline and information pollution. After analyzing the evolution mechanism of network society, and its problems and causes, this paper holds that the system construction of the governance on network society should be based on the conception layer, the behavior layer and the organization layer. The paper also insists that the governance on network society should follow the spirit of “people orientation, collaborative governance, and prudence and inclusiveness”, take the way of technical governance, market regulation, institutional norms and cultural guidance, and be implemented through the organizational modes of platform-based company autonomy, self-discipline of the industry and government administration. It is important to promote the collaborative governance by the government, the enterprises and the society altogether. In addition, the paper makes the following three innovations. First, it proposes the evolution mechanism of network society, that is, it develops mainly under the driving force of the information technology and the counteractions of the adjustment of social structure. Second, it points out that the main causes of the network society problems are imbalances in three aspects, such as the penetrating development of the network, the separation and integration of the online-offline society and the interaction and games of the government, the enterprises, and the society. Third, it puts forward that the governance system of network society should integrate concepts, organization and behavior, and aim to achieve benign governance. The analysis of shared bikes, typical products of the sharing economy, serves as a verification of the “development-problem-governance” thoughts on network society. Shared bikes have a large scale of users and are quite frequently used. They are involved in the public transport supply thanks to the rapid development of new information technology. Recently, this sector appears as a new commercial form in the network society. First, the development of shared bikes embodies the inherent law of the evolution of network society. Second, the sector develops rapidly and has brought about many problems. Third, the governance of shared bikes needs the joint effort from the government, enterprises and the society. The case study clearly shows that the shared bike sector could not be well governed merely through the government administration, the enterprise self-discipline or the social supervision, but through a deeply adapted collaborative governance system involving the above three parties. In such system the traditional government administration changes to be “tolerant and prudent, and encourages innovation and entrepreneurship”. Meanwhile, as operators of shared bikes, enterprises should provide platform rules and mechanism and be responsible for platform governance under the macro guidance from the government. As for users and third-party organizations, they are indispensable parts of the collaborative governance system and should actively get involved.