目前我国幼儿园对幼儿的午睡安排是：无论孩子对午睡的需要或喜好如何，仍为所有幼儿安排午睡。虽然这种作法可以促进孩子的睡眠，并且为孩子提供了充足的休息机会，但是随着幼儿年龄的增长，白天小睡时间和次数逐渐减少，夜间睡眠效率逐渐提高，对于那些在大班中无法入睡的幼儿，午睡时间可能会给他们带来一定的压力，甚至影响到幼儿的整体睡眠质量。所以对于年龄较大的大班幼儿是否一定需要午睡？充足的夜间睡眠是否可以满足大班幼儿一天睡眠所需？在保证夜间睡眠质量的情况下，对于大班幼儿，不午睡或午睡时间较少，是否会对其工作记忆、焦虑情绪产生影响？基于此，将对学龄前儿童特别是大班幼儿开展此项研究。

本研究以埃里克森人格发展理论和生活教育理论为基础，采用问卷和一对一测查相结合的方式，以781名小中大班儿童为研究对象，分别探讨学龄前儿童午睡质量现状、不同年龄段幼儿午睡质量对夜间睡眠质量的影响，其中重点追踪了249名中班及大班儿童，探讨幼儿的在园午睡质量和夜间睡眠质量对工作记忆、焦虑情绪的即时和短期影响。

研究结果表明：（1）目前幼儿在园午睡质量较低。（2）午睡质量对夜间睡眠质量影响不显著。（3）在横向结果中，夜间睡眠质量可以正向预测工作记忆，负向预测焦虑情绪，而且在小中大班均有显著的预测作用；午睡质量对工作记忆和焦虑情绪的预测作用不显著。（4）在纵向结果中，对小班幼儿而言，午睡质量（T1）对其一年后的工作记忆（T2）具有正向预测作用，对中班幼儿的预测作用不显著；夜间睡眠质量（T1）对小班、中班幼儿一年后的工作记忆（T2）均具有正向预测作用，对一年后的焦虑情绪（T2）均有负向预测作用。

为改善幼儿的午睡质量、培养其良好的睡眠习惯，特别是针对大班儿童，幼儿园可以灵活安排午睡活动，减少对幼儿强制和硬性要求，通过午睡活动重点培养幼儿形成良好的睡眠习惯，帮助家长和老师正确认识夜间睡眠的重要性，促进幼儿的身心健康发展。

At present, the arrangement of napping for children in kindergartens in our country is to arrange napping for all children regardless of their needs or preferences.Although this method can promote children's sleep and provide them with sufficient rest opportunities, with the growth of children's age, the time and frequency of daytime naps gradually decrease and the sleep efficiency at night gradually increases. For those children who cannot sleep in top classes, nap time may bring some pressure to them and even affect the overall sleep quality of children.So does it have to be a nap for older top class children?Can adequate night sleep satisfy the needs of top class children for one day's sleep?Under the condition of ensuring the quality of sleep at night, will it affect the working memory and anxiety of top class children if they do not take a nap or have less nap time?Based on this, this study will be carried out on preschool children, especially the top class children.

Based on the neurobiological basis of sleep and emotion, memory and the dynamic balance theory of sleep synapses, this study takes 781 children in bottom, middle and top classes as the research object, and respectively discusses the current situation of nap quality of preschool children and the influence of nap quality of children of different ages on sleep quality at night, with 249 children in middle and top classes being tracked in particular, and the immediate and short-term effects of nap quality and night sleep quality on working memory and anxiety of children in the garden being discussed.

The results show that: (1) At present, the quality of children's nap in the kindergarten is relatively low.(2) Nap quality has no significant effect on sleep quality at night.(3) In horizontal results, sleep quality at night can positively predict working memory and negatively predict anxiety, and it has significant prediction effect in bottom, middle and top classes. Nap has no significant predictive effect on working memory and anxiety.(4) In longitudinal results, for children in bottom classes, nap quality (T1) has a positive predictive effect on working memory (T2) one year later, but has no significant predictive effect on children in middle classes.Night sleep quality (T1) has positive predictive effect on working memory (T2) of children in bottom and middle classes after one year, and negative predictive effect on anxiety (T2) after one year.

In order to improve the quality of children ’s naps and cultivate their good sleeping habits, especially for large classes of children, kindergartens can flexibly arrange nap activities and reduce the mandatory and rigid requirements for young children. The teacher correctly understands the importance of nighttime sleep and promotes the healthy development of children's body and mind.