摘 要

作为中华优秀传统文化，《白鹿洞书院学规》问世后得到了当时士林学子的广泛认可，并逐渐成为封建社会最主要的教育规范之一。它的内容简短，大都从儒家经典撷取集结而成，是儒家教育思想集中体现，在中国教育史上具有重要历史地位。然而《白鹿洞书院学规》必然会受到社会和时代的影响，具有明显的历史局限性，其中部分具体内容已经不适用于现代社会。本文坚持马克思主义的基本立场和科学方法，从教育哲学和社会理论层面探究《白鹿洞书院学规》与当代中小学德育在育人和构建和谐共同体方面的契合点，揭示其创造性转化的可能及其限度。对其内容进行批判性分析后发现部分内容可以在现代社会做出新的诠释，对当代德育理论和实践仍有很强的启发性。发现其蕴含的德育内容及其价值主要体现在以下方面：道德教育为首、道德实践为重、自我约束为要。本文认为，当代中小学德育实践呈现出来的新特点，要求既应关注当代社会条件，也要批判地借鉴和吸收《白鹿洞书院学规》等中华优秀传统文化的内容及其德育价值，只有这样才能从提升道德认知、重视实践活动以及激发道德动力三个方面对中小学的德育实践提出较为合理的建议。

As an excellent traditional Chinese culture, the "Rules of Bailudong Academy" was widely recognized by Shilin students at that time after its promulgation, and gradually became one of the most important educational norms in feudal society. Its content is short, but most of it is extracted and assembled from Confucian classics, which is a concentrated embodiment of Confucian education thought, and has an important historical position in the history of Chinese education. However, the "Rules of Bailudong Academy" will inevitably be influenced by society and the times, and has obvious historical limitations, and some of its specific contents are no longer applicable to modern society. This paper adheres to the basic position and scientific method of Marxism, explores the convergence between the "Rules of Bailudong Academy" and the moral education of contemporary primary and secondary schools in educating people and building a harmonious community from the perspective of educational philosophy and social theory, and reveals the possibility and limit of its creative transformation. After a critical analysis of its contents, it is found that some of the contents can be reinterpreted in modern society, which is still very instructive for contemporary moral education theory and practice. It is found that the moral education content and value contained in it are mainly reflected in the following aspects: moral education first, moral practice first, and self-restraint first. This paper argues that the new characteristics of the practice of moral education in contemporary primary and secondary schools require that we should not only pay attention to the contemporary social conditions, but also critically learn from and absorb the content and moral education value of excellent traditional Chinese culture such as the "Rules of Bailudong Academy", so as to put forward more reasonable suggestions for the practice of moral education in primary and secondary schools from three aspects: improving moral cognition, attaching importance to practical activities and stimulating moral motivation.