根际微生物存在于植物根系与土壤环境的交互界面上，对植物的生长、繁殖及对胁迫环境的耐受性方面具有重要作用。随着根际微生物研究的不断深入，在未来生态恢复实践中综合考虑地上生态学与地下生态学的相关规律是必然趋势。本文利用16S rDNA测序技术和宏基因组测序技术，研究了不同水位下扁秆藨草的微生物群落结构与功能特征，对根际微生物驱动的白鹤食源质量相关代谢过程、生物地球化学循环特征进行了深入分析；同时，面对扁秆藨草恢复过程中长芒稗入侵的新挑战，借助共现网络分析的方法，解析了不同入侵区域及禁牧前后长芒稗根际微生物群落结构与功能特征，在一定程度上解释了长芒稗灾变成入侵种的机制，结合区域年内水文情势变化特征的研究结果提出了控制长芒稗入侵的策略。主要得出如下结论： （1）在0-40cm水深范围内，从根际到根内水位变化对微生物群落结构的影响在减少。在KEGG代谢通路方面，根际微生物群落的所有KO pathway随水位变化均发生了显著性变化，其中碳代谢、能量代谢、核苷酸代谢、氨基酸代谢和环境适应过程表现出双峰结构，根表大部分代谢通路的丰度随水深变化发生显著性变化，且表现出单峰变化的特征，极值出现在水深为10cm附近；根内代谢通路丰度随水深变化无显著性差异。 （2）宏基因组测序结果表明，水深为10-20cm范围附近时根际微生物参与的与白鹤食源质量相关的代谢过程相关酶的丰度最高，其中淀粉和蔗糖代谢通路的连通性最高。在根际微生物驱动的生物地球化学循环方面，水深小于10cm时产甲烷菌菌属的相对丰度较高，当水深为10-20cm时甲烷氧化菌的相对丰度较高，随着水位进一步升高，两者相对丰度基本保持一致；在氮循环方面，水深低于10cm和高于30cm时硝化过程菌属的相对丰度较高，水深在10-30cm之间时氨化和反硝化过程菌属的相对丰度较高；在硫循环方面，水深为10cm-20cm相关酶的丰度较高。综合考虑以上代谢过程，藨草退化恢复的最佳水位范围应在10-20cm。 （3）禁牧前长芒稗入侵现象显著的A区域的土壤根际细菌群落中核心OTU占比为13.15%，水生根系根际细菌群落中核心OTU占比为39.16%；在入侵非显著的B区域土壤根际细菌群落中核心OTU占比为15.18%，水生根系根际细菌群落中核心OTU占比为37.63%。禁牧后水生根系根际微生物核心OTU占OTU总丰度的68.31%，土壤根际中核心占OTU总丰度的50.32%，在禁牧条件下群落的均匀度降低。LEfSe分析结果表明禁牧前A区域根际细菌在系统发育树上占据着更多重要位置，存在着一定的生态位分化现象。 （4）禁牧前A区域根际微生物共现网络每个模块的功能多样性都高于B区域，且各模块之间冗余度较低。而在禁牧后各模块在功能上具有很高的冗余性，这种功能上的分化，可能对长芒稗的入侵具有促进作用。结合区域水文变化特征及野外观测资料，本文认为可以从水文调控和物理收割法两个方面进行长芒稗入侵的控制，其中物理收割法可作为快速消除长芒稗入侵影响的应急策略，而基于水文调控控制长芒稗入侵则是一种长效机制，也是退化湿地生态补水的必然要求。

Rhizosphere microorganisms exist in the interface between roots and soil, and play an important role in plant growth, reproduction and tolerance to stress environment. With the deepening of rhizosphere microbiology research, it is an inevitable trend to comprehensively consider the underground ecology in ecological restoration practice in future. In this study, 16S rDNA sequencing technology and metagenomic sequencing technology were used to study the microbial community structure and functional characteristics of Scirpus planiculmis under different water levels, and the characteristics of the metabolic processes associated with Siberian Crane food sources and biogeochemical cycles of microbial-driven were studied. At the same time, in the face of the new challenge of the invasion of Echinochloa caudata during the recovery of Scirpus planiculmis, the structure and functional characteristics of rhizosphere microbial community in different invasive areas and after grazing was prohibited were analyzed by means of co-occurrence network analysis. To some extent, it explains the mechanism of the Echinochloa caudata becoming an invasive species. Combined with the pattern of the hydrological situation in the year, the strategy of controlling the invasion of Echinochloa caudata is proposed.The main conclusions are as follows: (1) In the range of 0-40 cm water depth, the influence of water level change from the rhizosphere to the endosphere on the microbial community structure is decreasing. In the KEGG metabolic pathway, all KO pathways in the rhizosphere microbial community changed significantly with the water level, and the carbon metabolism, energy metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism and environmental adaptation process showed a bimodal structure. The abundance of most metabolic pathways changed significantly with the change of water depth in rhizoplane, and showed the characteristics of single peak change. The extreme value appeared in the water depth of 10cm. There was no significant difference in the abundance of metabolic pathway in roots with water depth. (2) The results of metagenomic sequencing showed that the enrichment of the metabolic process-related enzymes related to the quality of the food source of the Siberian Crane was the highest when the water depth was near 10-20 cm, and the starch and sucrose metabolic pathways had the highest connectivity. In the biogeochemical cycle driven by rhizosphere microorganisms, the relative abundance of methanogens is higher when the water depth is less than 10 cm. When the water depth is 10-20 cm, the relative abundance of methane oxidizing bacteria is higher, and as the water level is further increased, the relative abundance of the two is basically the same; in the nitrogen cycle, when the water depth is lower than 10cm and higher than 30cm, the relative abundance of the genus is higher, and . the relative abundance of the genus in the ammoniation and denitrification process is higher between 10-30cm; in terms of sulfur cycle, the abundance of the related enzyme about sulfur cycles is higher in the water depth of 10-20 cm.Taking into account the above metabolic process, the optimal water level for the restoration of Scirpus planiculmis should be 10-20 cm. (3) The core OTU ratio in the soil rhizosphere bacterial community in the area A where the Echinochloa caudata invasion was significant before the grazing prohibition was 13.15%, and the core OTU ratio in the rhizosphere bacterial community of the aquatic roots was 39.16%; The proportion of core OTU in soil rhizosphere bacterial community in area B which the invasion was not significant was 15.18%, and the proportion of core OTU in rhizosphere bacterial community in aquatic roots was 37.63%. After the grazing prohibition, the rhizosphere microbial core OTU accounted for 68.31% of the total abundance of OTU, and the core of the soil rhizosphere accounted for 50.32% of the total abundance of OTU. The uniformity of the community decreased under the grazing prohibition condition. The results of LEfSe analysis indicated that the rhizosphere bacteria in the area A before grazing occupies more important positions in the phylogenetic tree, and there is a certain niche differentiation phenomenon. (4) Before the grazing prohibition, the functional diversity of each module of the rhizosphere microbial co-occurrence network of area A is higher than that of the area B, and the redundancy of area A between modules is lower than area B. However, after the grazing prohibition, the redundancy of each module has a higher degree in function, and this functional differentiation may promote the invasion of Echinochloa caudata with regional hydrological variation characteristics and field observation datas, this paper believes that the control of Longmang intrusion could be controlled from two aspects: hydrological regulation and physical harvesting in this paper. The physical harvesting method could be used as an emergency strategy to quickly eliminate the impact of Longmang intrusion. But the long-term mechanism is thehydrological regulation to control the intrusion of Echinochloa caudata ,which is the inevitable requirement for ecological water replenishment in degraded wetlands.