在民事诉讼的法律框架内，程序正义是一个至关重要的概念。它不仅要求法律程序在形式上的公正性，而且强调通过这一公正程序实现实体正义的重要性。然而，在调解、和解等非讼程序中，往往存在着轻程序、轻规则的现象，这种现象在一定程度上削弱了这些程序的公正性和有效性。我国法院调解程序其实也面临着同样的问题。由于缺乏独立的程序结构和内容，长期以来存在着诉讼程序依附性和程序正义缺失的问题。这些问题严重制约了调解程序的独立性和公正性，进而影响了调解效果和实体正义的实现。基于此，本文旨在深入探讨调审合一程序下调解所面临的程序缺失问题，以及这些问题如何导致正义的缺失，审判程序对调解“程序”的支配如何导致调解程序的“虚无”，以及调解效果的式微等问题。本文认为，法院调解是否能够真正解决当事人之间的纠纷，实现实体正义，与法院调解是否基于公正和有效的程序进行存在密切关系。因此，在调解程序虚无的状态下，需要对诉讼制度以及制度框架内的法院调解制度进行系统的改革。在前人研究的基础上，本文主张构建法院调解中的当事人合意程序。这一程序既强调合意程序的重要性，也提倡程序的独立性、当事人自愿性以及对程序与实体权利的适当调整。构建法院调解中的当事人合意程序，旨在优化现有的法律体系，确保法院调解的程序正义得以实现，同时保障当事人的权利，并促进实体正义的达成。本文的研究不仅具有理论价值，而且对于指导实践、改进法院调解工作具有重要的现实意义。

Procedural justice is a fundamental concept within the framework of civil litigation, requiring not only the formal fairness of legal procedures but also their effectiveness in achieving substantive justice. Yet, non-adversarial processes such as mediation and reconciliation often exhibit a disregard for formal procedures, which can compromise their fairness and efficacy. The Chinese court mediation system faces similar challenges due to a lack of independent procedural structure, leading to a dependency on litigation procedures and a deficit in procedural justice. This paper examines the issues arising from the absence of a distinct mediation process within the combined adjudication and mediation framework, including the resulting lack of justice, the nullification of mediation by the dominance of adjudication, and the diminished impact of mediation efforts. The paper posits that the effectiveness of court mediation in resolving disputes and achieving substantive justice is directly linked to the fairness and integrity of the procedures it employs. It advocates for a systematic reform of the litigation system and the court mediation system to address these issues. Drawing on previous research, the paper proposes the establishment of a consensual procedure within court mediation that emphasizes the importance of mutual agreement, procedural independence, party voluntariness, and a balanced adjustment of procedural and substantive rights. The aim is to enhance the legal system to ensure procedural justice in court mediation, protect the rights of the parties, and facilitate the realization of substantive justice. This study holds theoretical significance and offers practical insights for improving court mediation practices.