从上世纪90年代开始我国高等教育体制开始了新一轮的改革，其中毕业生就业是一个重要内容。毕业生在面临毕业就业择业及职业发展问题时产生了一系列的职业决策困难问题，而就业指导、职业辅导及生涯辅导在我国尚起步不久，所以对大学生在求职择业过程中所碰到问题的解决方法或相关研究却不多。本研究采用成熟量表，通过实证研究，深入探讨主动性人格、生涯适应力、职业探索与职业决策困难的相关关系，揭示主动性人格、生涯适应力和职业探索三变量对职业决策困难的影响及三因素对职业决策困难的作用机制。通过对东中西部9所不同层次高校共1300名大一至大四本科生的问卷调查，得出如下研究结论：1、主动性人格量表、生涯适应力量表、职业探索量表及职业决策困难量表具有良好的信效度，适合作为面对大学生群体施测的量表。2、性别、专业对职业决策困难影响不显著，而年级对职业决策困难影响显著。3、职业探索与生涯适应力之间存在显著的正相关（P＜0.01）；生涯适应力和职业探索分别与职业决策困难存在显著的负相关（P＜0.01）；生涯适应力和职业探索分别与主动性人格存在显著的正相关（P＜0.01），主动性人格与职业决策困难之间相关较低，且不显著。4、职业探索的主效应表明职业探索越多，生涯适应力越强；主动性人格的主效应表明主动性人格越高，生涯适应力越强；显著的调节效应表明职业探索与主动性人格的乘积越大，生涯适应力越弱，即主动性人格得分越高，职业探索对生涯适应力的正向预测作用越小。5、职业探索可以直接影响职业决策困难，还可以通过生涯适应力的中介作用间接影响职业决策困难，主动性人格在职业探索对生涯适应力的影响中是一个调节变量。本研究结论可以为高校大学生就业指导实践提供理论依据、指明发展方向，使就业指导实践更加科学，从而大大提高了就业指导的科学性、针对性和实效性。

China's higher education system including the graduates' employment has been started a new round of reforms since 1990s. A series of problem as career decision-making difficulties have occurred when the graduates are confronted with employment and career development. However, both the employment guidance and counseling, and the professional career counseling are still on the early stage in our country. Therefore, there is few solution or related research in this filed. This study takes social maturity scale. By empirical study, this study deeply discusses the interrelationship between the proactive personality, career adaptability, career exploration and career decision-making difficulty. It also reveals the influence of the three variables to decision-making problem and three factors on the mechanism of action of career decision-making difficulties. Through the questionnaires by 1300 junior, senior university students from nine different levels university of eastern, middle and western parts, the conclusion has been made as below. Firstly, the level of career exploration gets positive correlation with career adaptability; secondly, the level of career exploration gets negative correlation with career decision-making. Meanwhile, the grade of the student and the course of career-guide are greatly correlate with career decision-making ; thirdly, the career adaptability gets negative correlation with career decision-making; fourthly, the career exploration shows that the more a student explore his career, the more career adaptability he/she will achieve ; The proactive personality will better the career adaptability ; distinguished coordinate effect shows that the larger the product of career exploration multiple proactive personality is ,the weaker career adaptability will be . High mark of proactive personality will lower the utility of forward prediction towards career adaptability. Fifthly, the career adaptability plays an intermediary role between career exploration and career decision-making difficulty, while the proactive personality adjusts the career exploration in career adaptability. This study provides Theoretical Ground in graduate’s career guidance, development direction. And thus enhance the pertinence, effectiveness, scientificity in career guidance.