当前，中国产业发展存在的严重问题之一就是企业规模小，产业集中度低，结构组织分散。尤其是我国的食品行业，市场结构呈现典型的极度分散和分散竞争型特征，绝大多数食品行业都属于原子型的产业。很明显，这种企业过度进入所导致的企业数量过多、产业集中度很低、市场竞争过度等现象，都极不利于市场资源配置效率的提高。本文运用近些年食品行业的统计数据，从行业集中度和市场结构方面来分析中国食品行业的现状。说明尽管经过这些年的发展，食品行业呈现日益扩大的销售态势，但是随着食品行业问题的日益暴露以及其他多种因素的影响，整体行业处在较低的产业集中度区间，与国外行业的差距仍然很大。在行业集中度方面，本文采用了集中度指标集中率CRn、集中系数CIn和赫芬达尔-赫希曼指数HI对2000-2011年的数据进行统计分析。通过分析结果说明，虽然这几年行业企业个数有大幅度的上升，但是我国食品行业的集中度呈现日益递减的趋势。我国食品行业依然处于一个原子性的市场结构。另外从食品行业集中度影响因素出发，本文以影响产业集中度理论为基础，对影响我国食品行业集中度的因素进行定量分析。收集整理各年度我国食品行业的产值、销售收入、企业数等数据，运用多元线性回归和相关分析等数学方法，找出了影响我国食品行业集中度的因子及其影响程度，并根据回归结果探讨提高我国食品行业集中度的途径。

Currently, one of the serious problems of China's industrial development is that enterprises are small-scale; industry concentration is low and the structural organization is fragment. In particular, the market structure showed typical characteristics which are highly fragmented and decentralized competitive of China's food industry and the vast majority of the food industry are atomic industry. Obviously, this kind of enterprise excessive to enter lead to the excessive number of enterprises, the low degrees of industrial concentration and the excessive of market competition, were fully not conducive to the improvement of the market efficiency of resource allocation.This paper uses a nearly a decade of food industry statistics to analyze the current situation of China's food industry from the degree of the industry's concentration and the market structure. Despite the development of recent years, the food industry presents a growing sales trend, but the problem with the food industry increasingly exposed as well as other a variety of factors, the industry as a whole is in the low industrial concentration range, and the gap with foreign industry is still large.In terms of industry focus, it uses Concentration Ratio and Concentration Index and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to calculate. The result illustrates that although the number of industries and enterprises increased substantially over the past few years, but the degree of concentration of the food industry in China have a diminishing growing trend .China's food industry is still in the market structure of an atom.In addition, from the food industry concentration influencing factors, this paper is based on the theory of influencing industrial concentration and has a quantitative analysis of the factors affecting the concentration of the food industry in China. Collecting annual data such as output value、sales revenue and number of enterprises of the food industry in China, the paper uses multiple linear regression and correlation analysis of mathematical methods to identify the impact of China's food industry concentration factor, and then explore the way of improving our food industry concentration.