通过关注汉魏六朝不同历史语境中“吏民”概念的演化，本文试图探讨以下四方面的问题：其一，挖掘先秦时期“吏”的历史意涵以及“君-吏-民”的社会结构的形成过程。其二，界定秦汉“吏民”的范围，并在此基础上讨论汉晋官吏分途的演进。其三，探讨东汉孙吴时期荆楚地区多层伍长制的建立及其与吏民管理的联系。其四，探讨魏晋南朝时期“吏民”内涵的演化，并在此基础上对于魏晋南朝时期的职役户籍进行一些补证。

第一章通过对一系列春秋战国典籍中“士大夫”“臣”“吏”等概念的行用范围加以辨析，指出《荀子》中士大夫与官人百吏严格分层的构想出自荀子及其学派对秩序的偏好，并不能严格反映彼时社会结构的实态。战国以降“大吏”“吏”等语词所指代的范围包括卿相、猛将、大理、大行、大田、大司马等高级官员，涵盖中央与地方官僚，从内爵制的角度看则包含公、卿、大夫、士在内。“君-吏-民”的社会结构逐渐成型，并为秦汉“吏民”社会奠定了基础。在先秦诸子文献中，作为官署的“官”与作为行政官僚的“吏”的关系受到强调。“吏”在先秦诸子文献中的出现频次虽然远低于“臣”，但较“臣”而言更具专业性，“吏”被确认为秦汉帝国官僚们的统一法律身分是由于对于“官署”而言，他们需要居官办事，拥有“职吏”的公职身份，与此同时，秦王室、公室被确认为“县官”，亦折射出秦汉帝国所独有的政治理念。

第二章指出秦代律令文献中的“吏黔首”与汉代律令文献中的“吏民”、“民吏”之间存在迭代关系。“吏民”是秦汉时期占数县乡，受到国家管理的官僚与民众所共同拥有的法律身分，与秦汉各时期编户民的范围基本重合。就秩级系统而言则包含上至丞相，下至无禄的庶民在内，就爵位制度而言秦汉“吏民”范围为一切编户齐民，秦汉时期的所谓“宦籍”、“市籍”、“宗室属籍”等均不具有户籍性质。虽然列侯与诸侯王同样需要占籍，从注列编户的角度来看属于“吏民”，但就国的列侯和诸侯王可以“臣吏民”，一定程度上也可视作“吏民”之上的等级。秦及汉初吏民的下限为司寇，文帝刑制改革后则为庶人。秦汉时期的“吏民”群体在法律层面拥有均等、固定化的地位，并在向国家供给官役的方式层面具有齐等化的特征。“吏民”中的“吏”作狭义职业身份时概指一切行政官僚，他们来自于民，又复归于民。

在明确先秦秦汉“吏”之所指的基础上探讨汉晋之间官、吏分途趋势的演进，目前所见诸种秦汉律令之中官、吏内涵分张明确，两汉时期的官、吏分途主要体现在思想观念的层面。在东汉时期的官制叙述中，实际已经出现将官长排除于“员吏”之外的倾向，但就五一广场东汉简来看，郡县斗食吏职虽逐渐被视作“厮役”，但亦可称“官”，官、吏从未固定以六百石或二百石为界。魏晋以降，“吏”在史传及律令文献中仍可作为行政官僚的代称，与此同时，以“官”指称行政官僚而非官署的次数骤然增加，但是“官”、“吏”概念与彼时的官品、官班制度均不统一。魏晋南朝“官”、“吏”在身份上的两重性更加凸显，二者不仅是职位层面的概念，也是表示上下级从属关系的相对概念。

第三章明确岁、月伍与吴简中常见的“帅”称谓之间存在一定对应关系。在孙吴初年的临湘侯国，存在着岁、月伍进行地域管理，里魁（里魁与魁）进行户籍管理的双轨管理体制，他们或被称为“主人魁帅”。伴随着户籍整顿与流民占籍，原本归属于岁月伍管辖的吏民贷米事务转归魁与里魁掌管，一定程度上显示了临湘官府试图整合地域管理与户籍管理方式的努力。通过对于五一广场东汉简中《调署伍长人名数书》的探讨可以明确在东汉早中期临湘一带即建立了多层伍长制，孙吴时期的岁、月伍设置渊源有自，但伍职的领掌范围相较东汉又进一步扩大，较之前代有因有革。此外，尽管在吴简之中仍可以看到作为地域管理单位的“亭”的存在，但其在县乡事务中的作用已大幅削弱，“丘”作为地域管理单位的作用进一步凸显。

第四章指出魏晋南朝时期“吏民”内涵发生改变。孙吴治下的民众被划分为“吏民”与“部曲”，二者又均可以细化为多种具体的名色。与之类似，曹魏诏书所见有“将吏士民”，史传中亦多将“将士”群体与“吏民”对举，两晋南朝时期郡县掌握有包括军将、州郡县吏、民、士、卒在内的多种人户。魏晋南朝的各个政权对于两汉时期基本无所不包的“吏民”群体重新加以划分，治下人户的身分信息被注列于黄籍之上，并成为供役依据。这一时期的“吏民”底色与社会结构较之两汉时期已发生改变与断裂。但是兵、将、吏、民的身分差异并非是其步入仕途的决定性因素，尽管较平流进取的士族远更困难，但“官”可以产生于各种身分之中，并不一定要与身分挂钩。为方便各类差役的管理、唤订补代，两晋南朝地方官府还根据基础户籍制作、编定了各种衍生户籍，这类职役户籍部分具有户籍的性质，但与黄籍更造并不同步。

The thesis attempts to solve four problems. First of all, we aim at revealing the historical meaning of "official" in the pre-Qin Dynasties and the formation of the social structure of "monarch-official-resident". Then, we try to define the scope of "official and resident " in Qin and Han Dynasties, and discuss the evolution of the separation of officials and officials in Han and Jin Dynasties. In addition, we discuss the establishment of the multi-level corporal system in Jingchu area in the Eastern Han and Sun Wu Dynasties, and its relationship with the management of officials and residents. Finally, under the premise of clarifying the changes in the connotation of " official and resident " in the Han and Jin Dynasties, we attempt to re-examine the meaning of "the yellow records of all households in the county and state" in "Jin Ling Hu Ling".

The first chapter differentiates and analyzes the usage scope of concepts such as "scholar-official", "official" and "official" in a series of classics of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. For high-ranking officials, including generals of the imperial court, such as Mengjiang, Dali, Daxing, Datian, Da Sima, etc., the scope of “official” also covers the central and local areas, and the social structure of “jun-official-people” gradually took shape. In Xunzi, the conception of strict stratification between scholar-bureaucrats, officials and officials, such as "scholar-bureaucrats-official-man-hundred-officers", "monarch-group ministers-scholar-bureaucrats-official-persons-common people", etc., is based on Xunzi's preference for order. In the literature of the pre-Qin scholars, the relationship between "official" and "official" is emphasized. Although the appearance frequency of "official" in the pre-Qin scholars' literature is much lower than that of "official", it is more professional than "official". The fact that "officials" were recognized as the unified legal identity of the bureaucrats in the Qin and Han empires was because for the "official offices", they needed to serve as officials, and the status of "officials" also reflected the unique political philosophy of the Qin and Han empires.

The second chapter points out that there is an iterative relationship between "officials and Qianshou", "officials and people" and "people's officials" in the Qin and Han legal documents. "Limin" was a legal identity shared by the state-administered bureaucrats and the common people, which accounted for several counties and townships in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and basically overlapped with the scope of household registration. As far as the rank system is concerned, it includes the prime ministers and the common people without wealth at the bottom. In terms of the title system, the Qin Dynasty included the Guannei Marquis to the Sikou, and the Han Dynasty included the Guannei Marquis to the common people. At that time, there were no independent "Huan Ji" and "Guannei Hou Ji". Some of the relatives of the princes within the five genera are also registered in the county and township. The group of "officers and people" has equal status in law and is integrated. The "officers" in "officers and people" generally refer to all administrative bureaucrats. They come from the people and return to the people. On the basis of clarifying the meaning of "official" in the pre-Qin, Qin and Han Dynasties, this paper discusses the evolution of the trend of separation of officials and officials between the Han and Jin Dynasties. The article points out that the connotations of officials and local staff in the various Qin and Han decrees that have been seen so far are clearly divided, and the separation of officials and local staff in the two Han dynasties is mainly reflected in the level of ideology. In the narration of the official system in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there has actually been a tendency to exclude officials from "officials". But at the same time, although the post of fighting food officials in the county and county was gradually regarded as "servant servant", it could also be called "official". Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, "official" was still used in legal documents, but at the same time, the number of times that "official" was used to refer to administrative bureaucrats instead of official offices increased suddenly. The duality of "official" and "official" in the Wei, Jin and Southern Dynasties became more prominent. The two are not only concepts at the level of taste, but also relative concepts that express the subordination between superiors and subordinates.

The third chapter points out that there is a clear correspondence between the titles of "Sui" and "Shouai" which are commonly used in Wu Jian. In the Hou Kingdom of Linxiang in the early years of Sun Wu, there was a dual-track management system in which the sui and yuewu carried out regional management, and the kui and likui carried out household registration management. With the rectification of household registration and the occupation of household registration by refugees, some affairs that were originally under the jurisdiction of Suiyuewu were transferred to Kui and Li Kui, which to a certain extent showed the efforts of the Linxiang government to integrate regional management and household registration management. Through the discussion of the "Book of Counting and Counting the Numbers of Wu Chiefs" in the slips of Wuyi Square, it is clear that a multi-level corps chief system was established in Linxiang area in the early and mid-Eastern Han Dynasty. Although the existence of "pavilion" as a regional management unit can still be seen in Wu slips, its role in county and township affairs has been greatly weakened, and the role of "hill" as a regional management unit has become more prominent.

The fourth chapter points out that in the "Jin Ling", "all the household registrations in the county and the state are all registered with one foot and two inches", which generally has the following two connotations under the premise of confirming that "zhu" modifies "hukou". The first is that in addition to the household registrations of generals, officials, civilians, and soldiers registered in the villages, the local officials of the county and state should master the household registrations of people who serve in special institutions such as the Field Office and Yintun under their jurisdiction. . The second is that there are various households of different colors such as generals, officials, civilians, soldiers, etc. living in the county and township. They belong to the county. Household registration has been produced and compiled into various derivative household registrations. Due to the inertia of language, "general officials" in Wei, Jin and Southern Dynasties can be used to refer to senior military, political and administrative bureaucrats, but this does not contradict the "general officials" that existed in the grassroots at that time. It is speculated that it may be related to "general officials". "It is related to the title of "Army General" in the Jin Slips of Chenzhou. Differences in various identities such as soldiers, generals, officials, and people are not the decisive factors for becoming an "officer". Finally, on the basis of the previous discussion, it discusses the "officials and the people" on Wu bamboo slips and the "generals, officials and people" seen in Cao Wei's edict, and makes it clear that the various regimes in the Wei, Jin and Southern Dynasties were basically all-encompassing "officers and people" in the Han and Han Dynasties. The groups were re-divided, and in addition to this, groups such as "buqu" and "general" were divided, showing the changes in the background of "officers and people" and the social structure during this period.