全球约40%的人口面临水资源严重短缺，到2025年将增加至60%。京津冀地区人均水资源仅286 m3，远低于国际公认的人均500 m3的“极度缺水标准”。作为解决区域淡水资源短缺的开源途径之一，研究和开发环渤海储量丰富的海冰资源具有重要战略意义。 目前，海冰脱盐存在脱盐周期长、淡化水水质差、生产效率低等问题，限制了海冰产业化应用。结合微波加热技术及海冰脱盐机理，设计并利用微波加热技术，开展了微波加热海冰重力脱盐实验和微波加热海冰离心脱盐实验；针对微波功率、加热时间、海冰盐度、海冰质量等主要影响因素，以脱盐率、损失率、淡化水盐度以及主要离子浓度为主要指标，分析了微波加热对海冰脱盐的作用及影响。主要结论如下： 微波加热海冰重力脱盐：（1）微波加热可在4—6 min实现海冰淡化水盐度低于1.0‰，极大缩短重力脱盐周期；（2）提高微波功率和加热时间，降低海冰盐度以及减少海冰质量均可提高海冰脱盐率，降低淡化水盐度；（3）盐度5.0‰的海冰经900 W下加热6 min，脱盐率可高于90.0%，淡化盐度低于1.0‰；（4）经过微波加热海冰重力脱盐，Na+浓度和Cl-浓度仍超过世界卫生组织饮用水标准；（5）在实验中，海冰融出水盐度与微波能之间呈指数负相关（R2 >0.84），融出水量与微波能之间呈线性正相关（R2 >0.97）。 微波加热海冰离心脱盐：（1）在海冰离心脱盐之前进行微波加热，可有效提高海冰脱盐的效果，对比无微波加热的离心脱盐，微波加热海冰离心脱盐实验的脱盐率可提高6.4%—31.7%，淡化水盐度可降低0.4‰—1.6‰；（2）提高海冰温度，减小破碎粒径以及增加离心转速和离心时间均可提高海冰脱盐率，降低淡化水盐度；（3）当离心转速超过4000 r/min时，海冰淡化水盐度保持平稳；（4）微波加热海冰离心脱盐可实现淡化水盐度低于0.5‰，而损失率最高为30.3%；（5）经过4000 r/min下14 min的离心，淡化水主要离子浓度均可达世界卫生组织饮用水标准。

About 40% of the world's population faces a severe shortage of water resources, and this number will increase to 60% by 2025. The per capita water resources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is only 286 m3, which is far below the internationally recognized “extreme water shortage standard” of 500 m3 per capita. As one of the finding-new source ways to solve the shortage of freshwater resources in the region, research and development of sea ice resources with abundant reserves in the Bohai Sea has important strategic significance. At present, sea ice desalination has problems such as long desalination cycle, poor quality of desalinated water, and low production efficiency, which limits the application of sea ice industrialization. Combined with microwave heating technology and sea ice desalination mechanism, microwave heating sea ice gravity desalination experiment and microwave heating sea ice centrifugal desalination experiment were designed and carried out. The main effect factors such as microwave power, heating time, sea ice salinity and sea ice weight were selected. The desalination rate, loss rate, desalination water salinity and main ion concentration were taken as the main indicators. The effect of microwave heating on sea ice desalination was analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: Microwave heating sea ice gravity desalination: (1) Microwave heating can achieve desalination water salinity below 1.0‰ in 4-6 minutes, which greatly shortens the gravity desalination cycle. (2) Increasing microwave power and heating time, reducing sea ice salinity and reducing sea ice weight can increase desalination rate and reduce desalination water salinity. (3) For sea ice with a salinity of 5.0‰, heated at 900 W for 6 min, the desalination rate can be higher than 90.0%, and the desalination salinity is less than 1.0‰. (4) Gravity desalination by microwave heating, sodium concentration and chloride concentration still exceed the World Health Organization drinking water standard. (5) In the experiment, there is an exponential negative correlation between melt water salinity and microwave energy (R2 > 0.84), and there is a linear positive correlation between the volume of water and the microwave energy (R2 > 0.97). Microwave heating sea ice centrifugal desalination: (1) Microwave heating before centrifugation can effectively improve the desalination effect of sea ice. Compared with centrifugal desalination without microwave heating, the desalination rate of microwave heating centrifugal desalination can be increased by 6.4%-31.7%, and the desalination water salinity can be reduced by 0.4‰-1.6‰. (2) Increasing sea ice temperature, reducing broken particle size and increasing centrifugal speed and centrifugation time can increase desalination rate and reduce desalination water salinity. (3) When the centrifugal speed exceeds 4000 r/min, the desalination water salinity remains stable. (4) Microwave heating centrifugal desalination can achieve desalination water salinity below 0.5‰, and the loss rate is up to 30.3%. (5) After 14 min of centrifugation at 4000 r/min, the main ion concentration of desalination water can reach the World Health Organization drinking water standard.