为了人类的共同福祉，政府得以产生，历经数千年的发展，政府类型更迭变迁，而造福公民这一至善理念越来越受到重视。为了实现政府产生的初衷需要政府承担相应职能并为职能实现情况负责。不同时代都对政府责任提出要求，并有推动责任实现的动力。即使专制王朝对官僚也有责任要求并有促使责任实现的动力机制。相比较而言现代民主国家的原则理念与制度设计使政治责任的行为主体有着更强劲的践行政治责任的动力。制度是对行为主体行为的规范和约束。行为主体既是制度规范的对象与客体，又是制度运行的环境构成要件之一。因此行为主体所具有的内外特征对于制度运行有着重要的影响。政治社会中的行为主体即包括个人，也包括组织。心理学、社会心理学、组织行为学和团体动力学阐述了组织和个人行为的动力来源。本研究试图运用上述多元学科的理论与方法，针对政治责任及其实现的特点，从行为主体的角度探讨政治责任制度运行的动力。对不同政体，不同时代的国家中政治责任制度运行的动力构成进行比较研究，并对当代中国政治责任制度运行动力的构成进行分析，在理论、实践与历史的比较中总结其特点，揭示其不足，并一定程度解释种种不足存在的原因，提出建立当代中国政治责任制度运行动力的策略与方法。

For the common welfare of mankind, the government came into being, after thousands of years of development, the government type changed many times, but the supreme idea for the benefit of the citizens have get more and more attention. In order to achieve the original intention of the government, the government should undertake the corresponding functions and be responsible for the implementation of the functions. It has put forward the request to the government responsibility every epoch, and has the power to push the accountability to realize. Even if in the autocratic dynasty the bureaucrat has to take the accountability and has the motive mechanism to realize the accountability. In comparison, the principles and systems of the modern democratic state has the greater force to make the actor of political accountability to take the political accountability. Institution is the norm and restriction to the behavior of the main body. The behavior subject is not only the object of the system, but also one of the elements of the system operation. Therefore, the internal and external characteristics of the main body have important influence on the operation of the system. The actors in the political society include individuals and organizations. Psychology, social psychology, organizational behavior and group dynamics explain the motivation of the organization and individual behavior. This study tries to use the theories and methods of the above subjects, base on the characteristics of the political accountability and its realization, from the perspective of behavior subject, to discuss how to make the political accountability systems working. Compare the dynamic of political accountability work of different countries and different regimes in different times, and study the structure of the working forces of the political accountability in China, summarize the characteristics and problems through the comparison study of theory, practice and history, analyses the reasons of the problems, Put forward the tactics and methods of establishing the dynamic system of political accountability in China.