句式“V什么V”是口语交际中的常见结构，具有两点特殊性：一是代词“什么”的否定用法；二是动词“V”的重复出现。本文以语法学、语义学和语用学的相关理论为指导，采用定性与定量研究相结合的方法，探讨句式的生成机制、语义解读和语用功能。 句式“V什么V”“V什么X”和“V什么”虽然表层结构不同，但它们的底层结构一致，均是一个带有焦点特征的焦点短语。发挥否定作用的代词“什么”可以作为独立的功能语类投射成否定短语。当底层结构由句法部门传送到音韵部门时，在语言经济原则的制约下发生了同形删略操作。拷贝的成分和被删略的成分不同，故造成表层结构存在差异。动词能否进入“V什么V”及相关句式，受动词音节长短、及物性等因素制约。单音节词比双音节词更易进入“V什么V”句式，单音节不及物动词不能进入“V什么X”句式，少数离合词不能进入“V什么”句式。当动词为离合词时，人们倾向于选用“V什么X”句式去表达否定语义；当动词为其他类型的自由动词时，人们倾向于选用“V什么”句式。当动词为粘着动词且宾语内部结构简单时，人们往往选用“V什么X”句式。 “V什么V”及相关句式的语义是表达否定或禁止，依据句式的否定对象可分为行域否定、知域否定和言域否定三种类型。它们在语义上与否定词存在一定的对应关系：表达行域否定语义的句式对应否定词“别”，表达知域否定语义的句式对应否定词“不”或“没”，表达言域否定语义的是否定词“别”与言说类动词的加合。事件的状态、交际者的主观意识、动作的发出者和谓词的特征会影响句式的语义解读。 “V什么V”及相关句式的语用环境具有三个特点：一是对话双方或地位平等，或上级对下级，但一般不适用于下级对上级；二是存在一种背景知识或潜在预设，它是说话者表明否定态度的依据；三是句式前后常伴随一个解释说话人持有否定观点的原因的句子。与一般否定句相比，“V什么V”及相关句式在表达否定态度的同时，常常附带轻视、激动、愤怒、责备等强烈情感，使它们在语言系统中具有独特的语用价值。

"V Shénme V" is common structures in oral communication, which has two features: one is the negative use of the pronoun "Shénme"; The second is the repetition of the verb "V". On the basis of previous research achievements, this paper discusses the generative mechanism, semantic interpretation and pragmatic function of the structures, which is guided by the relevant theories of grammar, semantics and pragmatics, with qualitative and quantitative research. Although the surface structure of the three structures is different, the deep structure that is a focus phrase with focal features is consistent. The negative pronoun "Shénme" can be projected as an independent functional category into a negative phrase. When the deep structures are transferred from syntactic to rhyme department, under the restriction of language economy principle, the haplology occurs in these constructions. The copy and ellipsis component is different, hence the differences of the surface structure exist. The verbs which can enter "V Shénme V" and the related patterns is restricted by the syllable length and the transitivity of the verb. Monosyllabic words are more likely to enter the "V Shénme V" structure than the disyllabic words. The one-syllable intransitive verb cannot enter the "V Shénme X" structure, and the few separable words cannot enter the "V Shénme" structure. The preference structure of separable words is " V Shénme X", the preference structure of other free verbs is "V Shénme", and the preference structure of adhesive verbs with simple object is " V Shénme X". The meaning of "V Shénme V" and related patterns is the expression of negation or prohibition, which can be divided into three types: the negation of the acting, knowing and uttering domain. There is a corresponding relation between the structures meaning and negative words. The acting negation corresponds to the negative word "Bié(别)".The knowing negation corresponds to the negative word "Bù(不)" or "Méi(没)". The uttering negation corresponds to the negative word "Bié" and the added speech words. The contexts of sentences, the states of events, the agent of action and the feature of verb will affect the corresponding relationship between the semantics of three structures and negative words. "V Shénme V" and related patterns have three pragmatics characteristics. First, the two sides of the dialogue are equal, or the superior to the subordinate, but generally not applicable to the subordinate to the superior; Second, there exists background knowledge or potential presupposition, which is the basis of the speaker's negative attitude. The third is the explanation sentence that the speaker holds negative views occurs in the sentence. Compared with the general negative sentence, the "V Shénme V" sentence and related patterns can express negative attitudes, with added strong emotions, such as contempt, excitement, anger, blame and so on, which makes them unique in the language system.