儿童文学翻译研究一直处于学术的边缘地位。不仅从数量上看较少；而且在质量上也不容乐观。针对“儿童文学”学科构建与中国早期儿童文学翻译关系的研究，更为鲜见。作为文学类型的“儿童文学”是本文研究的基础和起点，但本文标题中的“儿童文学”更多的是作为一个学科，考察“儿童文学”是如何以一个专门学科的姿态出现在学术舞台和社会生活中的。中国儿童文学翻译始于清末民初，“五四”渐成大势。本文的“中国早期”限定在1898年到1927年之间。在中国现代儿童文学的发展进程中，特别是在中国“儿童文学”诞生的初期，即清末民初到“五四”时期，翻译起到了举足轻重的作用。本文试图吸收语言学研究、翻译研究、儿童文学研究、比较文学研究的方法，从理论研究、翻译创作和编辑出版三个方面阐述中国早期儿童文学翻译对中国“儿童文学”学科成立的巨大推动。第一章以中国翻译史为背景，对中国早期文学翻译与“儿童文学”的发生进行宏观描述。具体包括背景介绍、翻译盛况和阶段特征三个部分。以“五四”为界，儿童文学的翻译完成了“破旧”和“立新”的两次转型。第二章从观念变革、文体建设、对象划分、文学批评四个方面，对“儿童文学”的理论研究状况加以分析。童话、寓言、儿歌、儿童戏剧等文体在中国出现。儿童文学的读者根据年龄和接受能力的不同被划分为若干阶段。研究者不仅局限于儿童文学的引进，还对儿童文学作品进行了初步的批评和研讨。第三章分影响翻译和催生创作两节分析儿童文学的实践成果。中国早期儿童文学翻译无论在理论上还是在实践上，都深受外国儿童文学的影响，与外来文化有着密切联系。中国早期儿童文学翻译为日后的中国儿童文学翻译与创作构建了范式，奠定了中国儿童文学的核心特征和主要基调。第四章介绍编辑出版行业在此过程中起到的推波助澜的作用，为儿童文学的发展造势，反过来，儿童文学翻译和创作的繁荣，又推动了编辑出版行业的建立和完善，形成了“儿童文学”的阵地、作家群和读者群，形成了良性的双向互动。一言以蔽之，中国早期儿童文学翻译极大地推动了“儿童文学”学科的萌发，但中国“儿童文学”并没有建立起自身的理论传统，实践上也不具备独特的文学价值，中国的“儿童文学”尚未真正成立。

Children’s literature translation research is on the edge of the academic world. It is bad both in respect of quality and in respect of quantity. The research on the relationship between “children’s literature” and the translation of early Chinese children’s literature is rare. “Children’s literature” as a type of literature is the beginning of this article, but “Children’s literature” in the title stand for a subject. Chinese children’s literature started from “Late Qing to Early Republic of China” and surged in May Fourth Movement. “Early Chinese” here means the period from 1898 to 1927.Translation plays a significantly important role during the process of development of Chinese contemporary children’ literature, especially in the initial stage of the emergence of children’s literature in China, namely the period between “Late Qing to Early Republic of China” and May Fourth Movement. This dissertation attempts to illustrate the great driving force of translation of early Chinese Children’s Literature for the establishment of Children’s Literature subject in China in terms of theoretical research, translation creation and editing and publication, with the help of research method of linguistic studies，translation studies, Children’s Literature studies and comparative literatuce studies.The first chapter will start with a macro-description of the general picture of the development of early Chinese children’s literature based on the Chinese translation history background, including the background introduction, translation prosperity and stage characteristics specifically. The translation of Children’s Literature completed the old-breaking and new-establishing transition.The second chapter will analyse the research condition from four perspectives, namely the thought revolution, establishment of writing style, target categorization and literature criticism. Fairy tales, fables, children’s songs, child drama and other literature styles emerged in China.The children’s literature divided children into different stages according to their age and acceptance capacity. Not only did researchers introduced children’s literature, but also preliminarily criticised and discussed.The third chapter will present the practical results in three phases which are factors affecting translation, elements caralysing creation and editing and publication section. The translation of early Chinese children’ literature was deeply impacted by foreign children’s literature both theoretically and practically and was closely connected with foreign cultures. Meanwhile, the translation in early stage established the example for the translation and creation of children’s literature in the future, and also built the foundation of the core characteristics and keynote of Chinese children’s literature. The fourth chapter will analyse that editing and publication section promoted the trend and paved a way for the development of children’s literature. At the same time, the prosperity of the translation and creation of children’s literature drove the establishment and improvement of editing and publication industry in return. In this way, the positive mutual interaction was formed among the base of children’s literature, the writer group and the reader one. In a word, the translation of early Chinese children’s literature significantly promoted the birth of children’s literature subject. However, Chinese children’s literature did not construct a theory itself. At the same time, it did not have special literature value. The thirty-year development did not actually establish Chinese children’s literature.