乡村经济精英参政在我国已经是一个越来越普遍的现象，对此中国的学者们从社会学、政治学的角度做出了解释，然而从经济学角度分析的文献却几乎没有，本文将从经济学的角度对这一现象做出解释。中国农村基层民主自治组织可以视为一种“类企业”组织，可以用企业理论研究，企业理论中的专用性、专有性资产理论提供了一种思路。传统的专用性资产理论以威廉姆森等人为代表，强调的是专用性资产“沉没成本”的性质，把研究焦点放在了如何通过企业所有权（剩余索取权和剩余控制权）的安排避免“敲竹杠”等机会主义行为，从而形成实现社会福利最大化的最优激励机制问题上。中国学者杨瑞龙、杨其静提出了专有性资产理论，注重于专有性资产（尤其是企业家才能）对组织剩余分配中谈判力的影响。因此，之前的专用性、专有性资产理论研究的都是组织剩余的分配问题，而对组织剩余的创造或生产关注很少，本文做的工作就是通过把专用性、专有性资产理论运用到组织剩余创造问题的研究上，从而把研究向前推进一步。本文具体分析了组织剩余创造中专有性资产和专用性产的不同作用，并指出随着组织的发展不仅资产的专有性、专用性程度可能发生变化，专有性与专用性也可能相互转化。此外，本文还建立了一个两期的关于组织剩余创造和个体选择的简化模型来分析专有性、专用性资产对组织剩余的创造作用，从而解释了乡村经济精英参政现象。中国农村民主选举选出的村级干部由“道德型”转向经济精英是和农村公共物品的供给密切联系的。由于“费改税”后农村公共物品供给资金的不足，使得问题的关键由资金的使用变成了资金的筹措。乡村经济精英拥有能为农村公共物品供应筹资的专有性资产，包括其社会关系、自有资金、管理组织能力等，这些资产对于农村公共物品的供应必不可少，能创造重要的组织剩余，而且在这一过程中其专有性将转化为专用性。同时，所供给的农村公共物品作为一种重要的专用性资产将推动村庄各项事业的发展，持续地创造组织剩余。这就是乡村经济精英能在民主选举中获胜的原因。

The phenomenon of the rural economic elites participating in political affairs is becoming more and more general in China. Chinese scholars have studied it in sociology and politics, but none of them has studied it in economics. This article will explain it from the economics point of view .Chinese rural democratic autonomy organization can be seen as a “enterprise-like” organization, so we can use enterprise theory to research it. Both the traditional theory of assets specificity and the theory of exclusive have focused on the sharing of the organizational remain, but they have forgotten about the effects that the specific assets and the exclusive assets did to the organizational remain. In fact, both the specific assets and the exclusive assets can create organizational remain through the whole progress of the organization’s development. This article has done a detailed study on that.The rural economic elites own some exclusive assts which are very important to the supply of the rural public goods, such as social relationships. And the supplied rural public goods can be seen as a specific assets. Those exclusive assets and the supplied rural public goods will bring lots of benefits to the villagers, which actually is a kind of organizational remain. And that is why the rural economic elites can win the elections.