鸦片战争后，上海成为了中国最早开放的通商口岸之一，近代工业迅速发展，上海也逐步确立了中国近代工业中心地位。随着生产规模的扩大，大型机器如蒸汽机、电动机等开始投入生产，加大了生产危险性，工业卫生与安全问题也逐渐显现。工业事故及工人伤亡数量的增加，引起了部分政府及相关人士的关注与重视。本文主要研究政府与社会各界在1927-1937年间，为改善上海地区工业安全卫生所做出的努力及其带来的影响，同时也分析工业卫生安全状况得以改善及其之所以有得不到全面改善的原因。国民政府于1929年12月30日颁布了《工厂法》，《工厂法》中有单列一章“工厂安全与卫生设备”，对工厂安全卫生相关设备加以规范。为了使得工厂安全卫生相关问题的规定更加具体及更具可操作性，1935年10月9日，实业部公布实施了《工厂安全及卫生检查细则》。《工厂法》等一系列法律在上海地区部分知名企业得到了较好的落实，工厂检查工作亦开展顺利。此外，政府还通过举办工厂安全卫生展览会等行政措施，这些都在一定程度上改善了上海地区工业安全与卫生。政府的行为引发了民众对于工业安全卫生问题的关注。一些企业联合会开始关注相关问题，并就工厂工业安全卫生状况组织调查与自我调查。上海地区还成立了工业安全协会，刊发专门的杂志——《工业安全》；一些有识之士也开始在相关杂志发表文章，表达自己的看法并提出可行性建议。在政府的制度约束及社会各界共同关注之下，1927-1937年间，上海地区工业安全卫生状况有所改观。除了工业安全卫生问题相关问题得到直接改善外，政府和民间对于工业安全卫生的关注也带来了其他变化。这些都在促进上海地区工业现代化，企业管理科学化方面起到重要作用。1927-1937年间，上海地区工业安全卫生状况虽有改善，但并没有得到全面改善。工厂安全卫生问题在一些小企业，特别是中国式家庭工厂依然未能得到改善，工厂灾害依旧频繁发生，同时还有很多工厂并不重视工厂安全卫生问题。总之，政府及民间的共同努力，促进了上海地区工业安全卫生状况的改善，而上海地区的不太平，民族企业资金短缺，国家财政的艰难等最终导致上海地区的工业安全卫生状况难以得到全面的改善与提高。

After the Opium War, Shanghai ports opened. Since then, modern industry developed rapidly, Shanghai gradually became industrial center of China. With the expansion of production scale, large machines such as the steam engine, electric motor were introduced into production, increasing the risk of production. Industrial health and safety issues became increasingly urgent. With the growth of industrial accidents and the injury of workers, more and more government officials began to concentrate on Industrial health and safety issues. This paper mainly studies on the government and community’s efforts on improving the industrial safety and health in Shanghai during the period of 1927-1937, and also analyses the reasons why the industrial safety and health in Shanghai had been improved but not comprehensive improved.The Nanjing National Government promulgated the “Factory Act” in December 30, 1929, "Factory Act" includes a separate chapter named “factory safety and sanitation” to make some rules about the health and safety of industrial equipment. In order to make some part of the rules became more specific and more operational, the Ministry of Industry enacted “factory safety and health inspection rules” in October 9, 1935. These laws had been well implemented in some well-known enterprises in Shanghai. In addition, the government organized industrial health and safety exhibition and also took other administrative measures, which obviously improved the industrial safety and health in Shanghai. The government’s behavior aroused public concerns for the issues of industrial safety and health. Some enterprises associations started to pay attention to related issues. Shanghai also set up a special industrial safety association, published it’s own magazine named “Industrial Safety”. Some people also began to pay attention to industrial health and safety, some published articles in magazines, to express their views and put forward feasible suggestions. In the common concern of government and society during 1927-1937, the relevant problems of industrial safety and health were directly benefit, government and society for industrial safety and health concerns also brought other changes, including worker’s rights awareness, attitudes of government workers has changed and so on.However, in 1927-1937, industrial health and safety in Shanghai had improved, but did not improve comprehensively. Factory disasters still occurred frequently, epically in some small factories. At the same time, there are many factories still did not pay attention to Industrial health and safety issues. In a word, the efforts of government and non-governmental promote the indusial safety and health situation in Shanghai. But the battles, the national financial hardship made industrial safety and health situation in Shanghai cannot be improved comprehensively.