随着晚期资本主义社会转型为以消费为主导的社会，西方世界的文化危 机日益加深。“五月风暴”于 1968 年在法国爆发，促成了鲍德里亚符号政治 经济学批判理论的诞生。《符号政治经济学批判》的思想来源包括列斐伏尔 的日常生活批判与德波的景观社会、索绪尔与巴特的符号学、马克思的政治 经济学批判、莫斯-巴塔耶的象征交换思想等等。符号政治经济学批判理论的 提出，经历了对于物、需求、马克思的拜物教和艺术的多方考察；符号政治 经济学批判理论的结构建立，则主要包括四种价值逻辑的界定和转换，并以 等式表达马克思的政治经济学和符号学、一般政治经济学和象征交换的关系。 在此过程中，鲍德里亚以符号学还原的方式批判消费社会及马克思等人的理 论，否定了异化概念。但这种符号化思想其实依旧遵循自马克思以降的异化 批判思维，将符号化作为消费异化的新阶段，最终诉诸象征交换。鲍德里亚 对马克思存在诸多误读，应该辩证看待二者关系。

  With the transformation of late capitalist society into a consumer-oriented society, the cultural crisis in the Western world deepened. The “May Storm” broke out in France in 1968, leading to the birth of Baudrillard's critical theory of the political economy of the sign. The sources of For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign include Lefebvre's criticical theory of everyday life and Debord's theory of the spectacle, Saussure's and Bart's semiotics, Marx's criticique of political economy, Mauss and Bataille's symbolic exchange and so on. The critical theory of the political economy of the sign is developed through multiple examinations of objects, needs, Marx's fetishism and art; the structure of the critical theory of the political economy of the sign is established, which mainly includes the definition and transformation of four value logics, and expresses the relationship between Marx's political economy and semiotics, general political economy and symbolic exchange in equations. In this process, Baudrillard criticizes the consumer society and the theories of Marx and others in a semiotic reductionist way, rejecting the concept of alienation. However, this theory of sign in fact still follows the critical thinking of alienation since Marx, taking sign as a new stage of consumption alienation and eventually resorting to symbolic 2
exchange. Baudrillard has many misinterpretations of Marx, and the relationship between the two should be viewed dialectically.