摘　要日本的非物质文化遗产无论是理论研究还是实际保护都走在世界的前列，为其他国家提供了可供借鉴的范例。笔者在博士后流动站期间，论文方向锁定在日本的文化遗产研究，特别是对无形文化遗产（非物质文化遗产）中的无形民俗文化财（无形民俗文化遗产）的相关研究。在中国，非物质文化遗产的保护工作正如火如荼地开展着，但有些地方行为先行、理论后滞的现象比较严重，特别是传统民俗的保护工作进展缓慢。如何进行理论定位，如何疏通挡在人们面前的瓶颈是亟待解决的问题。对日本无形文化遗产的深入研究，无论是对我国非物质文化遗产理论框架的构建还是对非物质文化遗产申报、评选等实际工作都具有一定参考价值，而且从文化遗产保护的角度系统而全面地研究日本民俗文化遗产，相信该课题具有创新性和前沿性。本文在介绍日本非物质文化遗产的分类、保护政策、保护体系、组织结构的基础上，详细阐述了日本传统民俗文化所包含的内容以及日本对民俗文化遗产的保护历程与保护措施，并且运用地域建设理论对日本活用非物质文化遗产进行地域经济与文化建设做了案例分析。日本把地域建设与非物质文化遗产的保护工作有机地结合起来，立足于社区，挖掘本地域、本社区存在的文化遗产，并合理地加以利用。利用有形与无形的文化遗产发展民俗旅游、振兴本地区传统手工业，以此来发展旅游、振兴经济、活跃文化生活。而且，在法律法规的保护下，日本脚踏实地地做着大量而细致的工作，卓有成效。如，制定了指定、选定、认定制度，评选出国家、县（省）、市等不同级别的文化财；留下了大量详实、可供参考的实地调查报告等等，这些都值得我们去仔细研究、认真学习。笔者在文章最后结合我国实际情况与日本进行比较，以期对我国非物质文化遗产的保护事业有所启示。笔者认为非物质文化保护工作应从基层社区做起，从孩童做起，只有这样，才能把非遗思想普及、贯彻下去。而且，要重视地方力量，权力下放，鼓励自下而上的地区建设与文化遗产保护。适当、合理地发展旅游业，活跃地方经济要重视传统手工业以及中小企业的发展。笔者认为，衡量某个地方非物质文化遗产是否利用得成功，不应以其带来多少利润，对GDP有何贡献来看，而是要看居住在当地居民的舒适度是否提高以及他们对生存环境的满意度、对自身文化的满意度才是衡量的根本。

The Protection of Intangible Folk Cultural Inheritage in Japan, ranked in the front in the whole world both theoretically and practically, has been set an excellent example for other countries. During my post-doctoral study, the dissertation focuses mostly on the study of cultural heritage, esp. the intangible folk cultural properties in intangible cultural heritage. In China, the work of protecting intangible cultural heritage has been carried vigorously. In some areas, the practice has gone forward, but the theory concerned has been lagging, esp. the work of protecting the traditional folk-custum. AS for how to locate the theory orientation and how to break the bottleneck restriction, they are both the problems to be solved.The thorough study of intangible cultural heritage in Japan will provide some great reference value for the construction of theoretical framework and the practical work as for the application and election of intangible cultural heritage as well. What’s more, the study approaches to folk cultural heritage in Japan systematically and comprehensively in view of the protection of cultural heritage, which is certainly innovative and pioneering.On the basis of the introduction to the classification, protection policy, protection system and organization structure of intangible cultural heritage in Japan, more details are to be elaborated on content of traditional folk culture in Japan and the protection process and protective measures concerned with folk cultural heritage in Japan. Besides, the theory of regional construction is applied, together with some case study, to the study of the flexible use of intangible cultural heritage for the regional economy and culture construction In Japan, based on communities, the work of regional construction has been closely connected with the work of protecting intangible cultural heritage by exploring and taking advantage of the cultural heritage existing in the local community’s. the tangible and intangible cultural heritage are both used for the development of folklore tour and the promotion of the regional traditional handwork occupation for the purpose of promoting the travel industry, economy and cultural life. Under the protection of the law and rules, Japanese have done a great deal of detailed and practical work with unusual effect, such as the establishment of the institution of appointment, designation and identification, the grading of cultural properties on three levels of nation, province and town. A great quantity of full and accurate field work reports have been kept for reference, which deserves the further study.Finally, the dissertation makes comparison between the current situation in China and that in Japan for the purpose of providing some enlightenment to the protection of intangible cultural heritage in China. The author believes that the work of protecting the intangible culture should be started from the basic unity---grassroots community, the children. In such a way, the idea of protecting the intangible cultural heritage can be popularized and implemented. Some emphasis should be laid on the local force to encourage the regional construction and cultural heritage protection in the bottom-up way. The tourism should be developed properly and reasonably; a great importance should be attached to the development traditional handwork occupation and some medium sized and small enterprises for the activation of regional economy. The increase of profit or GDP should not be uses as the criteria for the measurement whether one region’s intangible cultural heritage has been got used successfully or not, but the fact that the local people’s comfort level has been promoted or not. The degree of the local people’s satisfaction with the living environment and their own culture is the basic measurement.