易地扶贫搬迁政策是一种符合我国国情的特殊政策，要求易地扶贫搬迁的贫困群众从 “村民”到“居民”的转变。然而，在后脱贫时代也出现了居民因各种原因无法社会融入 新生活的问题。尤其是老年移民群体尤其突出，值得关注和研究。为探究目前我国易地搬 迁老年移民社会融入的现状和问题，本文以宁夏银川市 LHZ 安置区的 x 村老年移民为研究 对象，采用定性分析法，采用社会空间理论用纵向视角分析探讨老年移民群体在易地搬迁 进程中的社会融入进程特征；通过访谈内容深入分析老年移民目前存在的困境，从生态系 统理论视角系统性的探讨了影响老年移民社会融入的相关因素，最后从社会工作专业视角 针对性的给出了应对策略。

      当前宁夏银川市 x 村老年移民社会融入进程主要有以下特征：初期阶段侧重于探索物理空间、中期阶段以探索社会空间为主；后期阶段以探索精神空间为主。且目前的社会融 入的困境有：孤岛社区致使老年移民的社会交往单一、老年移民贫困问题下的三层困境， 分别是老年移民只能维持较低的生活水平、老年移民与子女之间微妙的经济关系使老年移 民难以伸手要钱、老年移民“家庭养老”的观念较为根深蒂固，但目前的社区财政难以做 到社区养老、安置政策下蕴含的不满情绪、社区治理中老年移民的表达低效化、污名化问 题导致的老年移民的劣势地位、贯穿搬迁过程的身份定位模糊。 分析影响目前社会融入现状的因素主要有：宏观系统内政策扶持、安置方式的不同方 式、社区环境与治理的完善会加快促进老年移民社会融入进程。中观系统内家庭系统的经 济状况与生理心理、朋辈群体在老年人社会融入进程中扮演重要角色。微观系统内性别因 素、年龄、健康状况、教育程度、人生事件及经历、搬迁动机是重要原因。

        本研究采用社会工作专业的视角，针对性的提出了老年移民社会融入困境多层次的应 对策略：针对老年人单一交往方式提出社工可以进行心理调适与多元小组的策略；针对老年贫困提出社工可以搭建就业信息平台与构建老年移民养老保障；对安置政策不满提出社 工作为政策的宣讲者与社工站的建立；针对老年人表达低效提出协助社区促进老年人参与 社区治理和开展社区活动；对污名化问题提出社工可以帮助提高老年移民自身形象和扩展 广泛关系网；针对身份模糊提出社工帮助提高老年移民认同感和归属、协助社区工作人员 丰富社区文化的策略。

    The relocation policy of poverty alleviation in inhospitable areas is a special policy in line with our national conditions, which requires the poor people to change from "villagers" to "residents". However, in the post-poverty era, there are also problems that residents cannot integrate into the new life for various reasons. Especially the elderly immigrant group is particularly prominent, worthy of attention and research. In order to explore the current situation and problems of social integration of the elderly immigrants relocated to the easy place, this paper took the elderly immigrants in x village of LHZ resettlement area of Yinchuan, Ningxia as the research object, adopted qualitative analysis and social space theory to analyze the characteristics of the social integration process of the elderly immigrants in the process of relocation from a vertical perspective. Through the interview content, an in-depth analysis of the current predicament of the elderly immigrants is made. From the perspective of ecosystem theory, relevant factors affecting the social integration of the elderly immigrants are systematically discussed. Finally, countermeasures are given from the perspective of social work.

At present, the social integration process of the elderly immigrants in x Village of Yinchuan, Ningxia has the following characteristics: the initial stage focuses on exploring the physical space, and the middle stage focuses on exploring the social space; The later stage mainly explores the spiritual space. And the current difficulties of social integration include: Isolated island communities lead to the single social interaction of the elderly immigrants, and the three predicament of the elderly immigrants under the poverty problem: the elderly immigrants can only maintain a low standard of living, the delicate economic relationship between the elderly immigrants and their children makes it difficult for the elderly immigrants to reach out for money, the elderly immigrants' concept of "family support" is deeply rooted. However, the current community finance is difficult to solve the dissatisfaction contained in the community pension and resettlement policies, the inefficient expression of the middle-aged and elderly immigrants in the community governance, the disadvantageous status of the elderlyimmigrants caused by stigma, and the fuzzy identity positioning throughout the relocation process.

The analysis of the factors affecting the current situation of social integration mainly include: policy support within the macro system, different ways of resettlement, community environment and the improvement of governance will accelerate the process of social integration of elderly immigrants. The economic status, physiological psychology and peer group of the family system in the meso-system play an important role in the process of social integration of the elderly. Gender factors, age, health status, education level, life events and experiences, and relocation motivation are important factors in the micro-system.

From the perspective of social work, this study proposes multi-level coping strategies for the dilemma of social integration of the elderly immigrants: for the single communication mode of the elderly, social workers can carry out psychological adjustment and multi-group strategies; In view of the elderly poverty, social workers can build an employment information platform and build old-age security for elderly immigrants; Advocates of social work who are dissatisfied with the resettlement policy and the establishment of social work stations; In view of the inefficient expression of the elderly, it is proposed to assist the community to promote the elderly to participate in community governance and carry out community activities; Addressing stigma as a social worker can help improve the image of older migrants and expand their wider network. In order to solve the ambiguity of identity, social workers should help to improve the sense of identity and belonging of the elderly immigrants and assist community workers to enrich the community culture. The relocation policy of poverty alleviation in inhospitable areas is a special policy in line with our national conditions, which requires the poor people to change from "villagers" to "residents". However, in the post-poverty era, there are also problems that residents cannot integrate into the new life for various reasons. Especially the elderly immigrant group is particularly prominent, worthy of attention and research. In order to explore the current situation and problems of social integration of the elderly immigrants relocated to the easy place, this paper took the elderly immigrants in x village of LHZ resettlement area of Yinchuan, Ningxia as the research object, adopted qualitative analysis and social space theory to analyze the characteristics of the social integration process of the elderly immigrants in the process of relocation from a vertical perspective. Through the interview content, an in-depth analysis of the current predicament of the elderly immigrants is made. From the perspective of ecosystem theory, relevant factors affecting the social integration of the elderly immigrants are systematically discussed. Finally, countermeasures are given from the perspective of social work.