榕树与其传粉榕小蜂形成的专性互利共生关系，被认为是协同进化和协同成种的经典研究模型。除了传粉榕小蜂，榕树上也有许多非传粉榕小蜂，包括竞争者、造瘿者和拟寄生者。不论是传粉榕小蜂还是非传粉榕小蜂，都要利用榕树的组织完成自己的生活史。近年来，有很多研究讨论关于传粉榕小蜂和非传粉榕小蜂协同进化的问题，但是很少有实验探讨榕树、传粉榕小蜂和非传粉榕小蜂三者协同进化的问题。 本文以云南西双版纳地区6种常见榕树和其5种传粉榕小蜂（苹果榕与木瓜榕共享一套榕小蜂）、11种非传粉榕小蜂为研究对象，对榕树和小蜂分别利用叶绿体trnL-trnF和COI序列变异，采用最大似然法（ML）和最大简约法（MP）重建榕树和榕小蜂系统发育树，探究其协同进化的具体关系。实验发现，鸡嗉果榕、苹果榕和木瓜榕和它们的传粉小蜂Ceratosolen.gravelyi和Ceratosolen.emarginatus以及非传粉小蜂Sycoscapter roxburghi、Platyneura nsp.3和Sycoscapter trifemmensis均较早分化，而聚果榕、对叶榕和斜叶榕的传粉、非传粉小蜂则都是从较早的一枝分化而来的，可以说明：榕树与传粉榕小蜂的协同进化关系比榕树与非传粉榕小蜂的更为严格。

Figs (Ficus spp., Moraceae) and their pollinating wasps (Hymenoptera, Agaonidae, Chalcidoidea) form a classic example of an obligate plant-pollinator mutualism, and have become an ideal system for addressing questions on coevolution and cospeciation. In addition to pollinating wasps, figs host multiple non-pollinating wasps, which exhibit varied ecological strategies (e.g. competitors, gallers, and parasitoids). Both pollinating and non-pollinating wasps complete their life cycles using fig tissue. Although a few recent studies have begun to concern the coevolution between pollinating and non-pollinating wasps, no study has addressed the coevolution among figs, pollinating and non-pollinating wasps. In this work, 6 fig species, 5 pollinating wasp species, and 11 non-pollinating wasp species were collected in Xishuangbanna tropical rainforest, Yunnan. Chloroplast trnL-trnF gene and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅰ gene were sequenced from fig trees and wasps, respectively. Maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) analyses were used to reconstruct the phylogenies of figs and wasps respectively. We investigated the cophylogeny between figs and fig wasps. The results show that the pollinating wasps Ceratosolen.gravelyi, Ceratosolen.emarginatus and the non-pollinating wasps Sycoscapter roxburghi, Platyneura nsp.3, Sycoscapter trifemmensis of F. semicordata, F. auriculata and F. oligodon became divided early. Morover, the pollinating and non-pollinating wasps of F. hispida, F. racemosa and F. tinctoria were divided from the same clade. Therefore, the coevolution beween figs and pollinating wasps is more strictly than that between figs and non-pollinating wasps.