太湖流域是我国经济最发达的地区之一，又是我国著名的旅游胜地，随着社会和经济的发展，太湖流域的GDP总值在全国占有重要的地位。但是，由于众多人为因素的影响，已导致太湖生态环境急剧恶化。特别是太湖湖滨带开发利用强度过高，湖滨地区生态环境结构破坏较为严重，环境污染和生态退化现象突出，是影响和制约太湖水质的改善和生态系统恢复的重要因子之一。本文根据西太湖湖滨带地区的自然环境、社会经济状况及湖滨带浮游生物、底栖动物及水生植物资源调查结果，研究了湖滨带的结构特征及其功能特点，同时以修复生态学理论、景观生学理论、生态规划理论为指导，做出西太湖湖滨带生态修复方案，为太湖下一步的综合整治提供了科学依据。得到的具体结论如下：（1）根据西太湖地区的自然环境和社会经济调查可知，西太湖地区水环境问题的发生与发展同流域内的经济发展和产业结构调整有很大的关系。（2）太湖西岸湖滨带浮游生物和入湖河口区底栖动物的种类、单位体积数量以及物种多样性的调查结果表明，在调查到的5个浮游植物门类中，蓝藻和绿藻门种类占到46.81%和36.17%。单位水体中的物种数量分别占到总藻类的60.97%和34.49%，Shannon-Wiener物种多样性及均匀度指数基本在1.3~1.6和0.14~0.22之间波动；在调查到的71种浮游动物中，耐污染的桡足类和枝角类占36.62%。单位水体中的物种数量分别达到7.07×104个/L和7.76×104个/L；底栖动物群落结构趋于单一化，敏感种大量减少或消失，物种多样性指数值低下，物种多样性指数及其均匀度值仅分别为1.59和0.581左右。同时，部分耐污染和广布种大量繁殖，其单位水体中的物种数量平均占到底栖动物总量的84.76%。结合优势种和多样性指数分析方法，太湖西岸湖滨带水体水质已近严重富营养化程度。（3）通过对西太湖8个入湖河道河口区（沙塘港、社渎港、官渎港、洪巷港、大浦港、林庄港、朱渎港和乌溪港）水生植物分析，结果可以看出西太湖湖滨带水生植物种类较为单一，且在某些港口已经有一些入侵物种形成灾难，如水葫芦在各港口都有分布并形成灾难；而在沙塘港、林庄港、大浦港和朱渎港中水盾草已成为入侵灾难物种。有些珍贵物种只是在某些港口偶尔出现。湖滨带生态环境恶化，湿地植被退化严重。（4）从生态系统健康的角度出发，充分考虑湖滨带湿地生态系统的完整性，以功能群为单位，规划重建动植物功能群之间相互协调与互利共生关系的湖滨带生态系统。并在调查现有湿地植被的基础上，以乡土物种作为湿地植被恢复的物种源，筛选出湖滨带生态修复的工具物种，同时利用湖滨带自然地理地形，规划构建多级湿地生态系统单元，从而形成较为完整的湿地生态系统，增加湖滨带湿地生态系统的生物多样性，恢复自然湿地生态系统的功能。（5）根据西太湖湖滨带湿地恢复投资和效益分析可知，西太湖河岸带湿地恢复的投资及经济损益均较大，尤其是其生态效益巨大。

Taihu drainage basin is one of the developed areas and a famous scenic spot in China, With the social and economic development, the gross domestic product of the lake basin occupies and impotant pisition in the whole country, but, because of many artificial factors, the eco-enviroment has been drastically deteriorated especially the eco-enviroment of the shore of Taihu Lake are becoming increasingly serious due to high strength exploitation. Environmental pollution and ecological degradation stand out in this area, which has become an important factor to infect and restrict improvement of water quality and restoration of eco-system of Taihu Lake. Based on the survey results of entironment,socioeconomy and the species of plankton，benthos and hydrophyte along the west shore of Taihu Lake, This paper researches structure and function characteristics of the west shore of Taihu Lake. And at the same time ecological restoration schemes of the shore of Taihu Lake are established according as restoration bionomy, scene bionomy and ecological planning which provides sciencial guidance for general renovation. Solutions presented in this thesis can be summarized as follows:－According to socioeconomy survey on areas of the west Taihu Lake the results showed water environment matters were connected with economy and industry structure of the areas.－Based on the survey of the species abundance, biomass per unit water volume and species diversit yindices of plankton and benthos along the west shore of Taihu Lake, we analyzed the characteristics of the Hydrobios’ distribution in this area. Five phytoplankton families were found in the survey, and the species of Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta accounted for 46.81% and 36.17% of total species abundance, the biomasses of these species were 60.97% and 34.49% of total algae biomass, respectively. Incontrast, the biomass of species of Bocillariophyta accounted only for 3.07% of total algae biomass. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Even index generally fluctuated from 1.3 to 1.6 and from 0.14 to 0.22, respectively. Of the 71 species of zooplankton found in current survey, pollution-toleran tcopepodas and cladocerans accounted for 36.62% of total species, and their biomass per unit water volume could reach 7.07×104 ind/L and 7.76×104 ind/L, respectively. The zoobenthos along the shore showed a simplified community structure, the abundance of environment-sensitive speciesde creased greatly and some species became extinct. Species diversity index of zoobenthos community along the shore was very low, with diversity index and even index only about 1.59 and 0.581, respectively. Meanwhile, some pollution-tolerantand cosmopolitic species propagated rapidly, and their biomass per unit water volume accounted for 84.76% of total biomass of zoobenthos. Through a evaluation based on a combined method(dominant-species assessment and diversity index assessment), we concluded that the water quality along the west shore of Taihu lake showed assign of severe eutrophication.－Based on the hydrophytes research had been done on estuaries of eight rivers entering Taihu Lake(Shatang habor, Shedu habor, Guandu habor, Hongxiang habor, Dapu habor, Lingzhuang habor, Zhudu habor and Wuxi habor), the results showed the species of hydrophytes was simplification and there were large numbers of inbreak species such as hyacinth along the west shore of Taihu Lake especially fanwort had became a catastrophic inbreak species on Shatang habor, Dapu habor, Lingzhuang habor and Zhudu habor. Eco-environment had been drastically deteriorated and marsh hydrophytes had been badly degenerated on the west shore of Taihu Lake.－In view of healthiness and integrality the lakeside zone eco-system settling for Interharmonious and mutualism connection among propagation function community was planned to rebuild. Based on the survey of existent marsh vegetation the local species were filtrated to restore lakeside zone eco-system. And multilevel marsh ecological units were planned to build using natural landform of lakeside zone,which would form integrated marsh eco-system, increase biological diversity and resume ecological function of lakeside zone.－The investment and economic benefit were high,especially ecological benefit was tremendous based on benefits analysis of ecological restoration on the west shore of Taihu Lake.