2020年，突发的新冠肺炎疫情令社会一度陷入瘫痪，社会公共安全遭遇前所未有的危机。为了应对疫情，社会安全部门推出了各项抗疫举措，其中新冠肺炎疫苗因能在社会范围内筑起安全屏障，抑制疫苗的传染性与危害性而广泛受到关注。但与之而来的疫苗犹豫、疫苗推迟现象又成了疫情之外摆在人类面前的又一难题。国内外研究学者纷纷聚焦这一议题，来探求促进疫苗接种的策略与手段。

针对此现实环境，本研究采用质化研究方法，研究公众新冠肺炎疫苗接种行动转变的影响因素，建构模型以解密个体从不接种疫苗到接种疫苗行为转变的心理“黑箱”，为疫苗部门推广疫苗提供新思路与建议。

研究发现，疫苗接种行为转变包含疫苗认同、疫苗需求与疫苗可及性三种核心影响因素。疫苗认同是个体根据疫苗安全性感知与身体状况判断所完成的对自身可接种疫苗的确认，是疫苗接种行为转变的前提因素；疫苗需求则是环境与规范两个外在因素作用于内在因素后产生的接种动机，是行为转变的基础因素；疫苗可及性则是完成疫苗接种的条件，可分为正向可及性与负向可及性，是行为转变的促进因素。

三个影响因素彼此影响，相互促进：第一，疫苗认同的增强可以令个体敞开心扉并广泛接受外界对疫苗的推广信息，进而促进疫苗需求产生。第二，疫苗需求尤其是间接需求的迫切程度又会加速个体建构疫苗认同。第三，疫苗可及性则催化上述互动过程的发生。正向可及性可帮助个体打消顾虑而负向可及性则可令个体萌生紧迫感，两者都能使个体向前重构认同，正视需要。

基于上述发现，本研究针对疫苗推广提出三方面建议：第一，重视人际影响与保障信息透明，进一步提升疫苗认同；第二，加强对疫苗效果的宣传，增加责任取向的倡议来唤起个体对疫苗的需求；第三，适当强调疫苗的价值和接种机会的难得，以此来提升疫苗在个体心中的价值感。

In 2020, the sudden crown pneumonia epidemic paralyzed society for a time, and social and public safety encountered an unprecedented crisis. In response to the epidemic, the social security department has launched various anti-epidemic measures. Among them, the new coronary pneumonia vaccine has attracted widespread attention because it can build a safety barrier in society and suppress the infectivity and harm of the vaccine. However, the vaccine hesitation and vaccine delay that come with it have become another problem for mankind in addition to the epidemic. Researchers at home and abroad have focused on this topic to explore strategies and means to promote vaccination.

In view of this real environment, this study adopts qualitative research methods to study the influencing factors of the change of public Covid-19 vaccination actions, and constructs a model to open the "black box" of individuals changing from not vaccinating to vaccinating behavior, so as to promote vaccines for the vaccine department Provide new ideas and suggestions.

The study found that the change of vaccination behavior includes three core influencing factors: vaccine trust, vaccine demand and vaccine accessibility. Vaccine trust is an individual’s confirmation that he or she can be vaccinated based on his/her perception of vaccine safety and his/her physical condition. The resulting vaccination motivation is the basic factor of behavior change; vaccine accessibility is a condition for completing vaccination, which can be divided into positive accessibility and negative accessibility, which is the facilitator of behavior change.

The three influencing factors affect each other and promote each other: First, the enhancement of vaccine trust can make individuals open their hearts and widely accept the promotion information of vaccines from the outside world, thereby promoting the generation of vaccine demand. Second, the urgency of vaccine demand, especially indirect demand, will accelerate the construction of vaccine identity by individuals. Third, vaccine availability catalyzes the above interaction. Positive accessibility can help individuals dispel concerns, while negative accessibility can induce a sense of urgency, both of which can enable individuals to reconstruct their identity forward and face up to their needs.

Based on the above findings, this study puts forward three suggestions for vaccine promotion: firstly, pay attention to interpersonal influence and ensure information transparency, and further enhance vaccine trust; secondly, strengthen the publicity of vaccine effects and increase responsibility-oriented initiatives to arouse individuals' awareness of vaccines Thirdly, properly emphasize the value of vaccines and the rare chance of vaccination, so as to enhance the sense of value of vaccines in the hearts of individuals.