随着“科教兴国”和“科技强国”等战略的提出，科学教育在中小学教育中愈发得到重视，教育部在《关于加强和改进中小学实验教学的意见》中提出应当使用增强现实（Augmented Reality，简称AR）等技术手段促进中小学实验教学。同时，AR技术在教育领域已有的大量研究致力于证明其在不同学习方式和学习环境下的有效性，然而当前AR运用于科学教育有效性的研究多聚焦于学生的学习结果，学生使用AR进行科学探究的过程缺乏监测和评估。

脑机接口（Brain Computer Interface，简称lBCI）技术是检测和评估学习过程的热门技术之一，它能够收集学习者的脑电波，帮助研究者通过数据更好地了解学生，在教育领域具有极大的应用潜力，便携式干电极脑电设备的出现使其更适合在教育领域开展研究。本研究设计并开发了一种基于脑机接口的AR科学探究工具，在学习者使用AR进行科学探究的过程中利用便携式脑电设备对其脑电信号进行数据采集，通过注意力算法实时显示学习者的注意力水平并实施反馈，提高学习者的科学探究参与自我效能，促进学习者提升科学探究效率。

本研究由预实验和正式实验两部分组成。在预实验中选取了31名小学生，通过设计并开发基于脑机接口的注意力AR程序供学习者使用，对学习者的心流体验和技术接受度实施问卷调查，通过与采集并输出的注意力值进行分析，证明了注意算法的有效性和基于脑机接口的AR实验系统的可行性，并将此算法和开发逻辑运用于正式实验环节中基于脑机接口的AR科学探究工具的设计与开发。在正式实验环节，使用了准实验的研究方式， 将41名小学生随机分为两组，实验组使用基于脑机接口的AR科学探究工具，对照组使用传统的AR科学探究工具进行探究，从科学探究成绩、心流体验、科学探究参与自我效能和认知负荷四个方面开展问卷调查并实施访谈。研究结果表明基于脑机接口的AR科学探究工具对学生进行科学探究具有积极影响，具体表现为促进了科学探究成绩的提高，有助于学习者达成心流状态以及促进学习者科学探究参与自我效能的提升，尤其是实施调查的自我效能，而对于认知负荷无显著影响，访谈结果表明学生对脑机接口的AR科学探究工具持正面态度。本研究的成果为未来虚实融合学习环境的学习监测系统构建提供了借鉴，对于AR教学工具的个性化开发和脑电技术的教育应用提供了新的案例参考。

With the strategy of " invigorating China through the development of science and education" and "strengthening China through the development of  science and technology", more and more attention has been paid to science education in primary and secondary schools. In the document "opinions on strengthening and improving experimental teaching in primary and secondary schools", the Ministry of education proposed that augmented reality (AR) and other technical means should be used to promote experimental teaching in primary and secondary schools. Also, much researches on AR technology are devoted to proving its effectiveness in different learning styles and learning environments. However, current researches about AR in science education mainly focus on students' learning results, and students are lack of process monitoring and evaluation when using AR for scientific inquiry.

Brain computer interface (BCI) technology is one of the most popular methods to monitor and evaluate learning process. BCI can collect learners' brain waves to help researchers learn students through data. It has great potential in the field of education. The emergence of portable dry electrode EEG equipment makes it more suitable for research in the field of education. This research has designed and developed an AR science inquiry tool based on BCI. In the process of using AR for scientific exploration, the portable EEG device is used to collect data from learners. Display the learner's attention level in real time and implement feedback with the help of this tool, which can help the learner improve the efficiency of scientific inquiry.

This research consists of pre-experiment and formal experiment. In pre-experiment, 31 middle school students were invited to try the software. Questionnaire survey was carried out on the subjects' flow experience and technology acceptance. The pre-experiment have proved the effectiveness of attention algorithm and the feasibility of AR experimental system based on brain computer interface. The algorithm and development logic are applied to the design and development of AR scientific inquiry tool based on brain computer interface in formal experiment. In the formal experiment, 41 middle school students were invited to use the AR scientific inquiry tool based on brain computer interface. Questionnaire survey and interview were conducted from four aspects: scientific inquiry performance, flow experience, self-efficacy of learners for inquiry engagement  and cognitive load. The results show that the AR scientific inquiry tool based on brain computer interface has a positive impact on the scientific inquiry of students. Specifically, it promotes the improvement of scientific inquiry performance, helps learners to reach a flow state and promotes self-efficacy of learners for inquiry engagement, especially their confidence in carrying out surveys. However, there was no significant effect on cognitive load. The interview results show that students have a positive attitude towards the AR science inquiry tool of brain computer interface. The system designed and developed in this study provides a reference for the construction of future learning environment, which also offers a new case reference for the personalized development of AR teaching tools and the educational application of EEG technology.