空间是物质运动的存在形式，也是人类实践活动的重要场域。在马克思社会批判理论中，空间不仅构成了人类物质生产实践活动的前提，也是社会关系生产和再生产的场域，更是资本增殖和剩余价值生产的载体。可以说，对空间问题的探讨是马克思历史唯物主义的重要组成部分，也是其资本主义批判的重要立足点。马克思空间思想在《资本论》及其手稿中得到了凸显，他通过对资本主义生产过程的全面分析，深入研究了以资本流通为前提的资本主义空间的内在运行逻辑。尽管马克思并没有直接将资本与空间的关系问题作为独立的篇章进行研究，但对于空间的分析确实贯穿
于其探讨的各类问题当中，构成了马克思资本批判中十分重要的部分。在此基础上，马克思对资本力图“用时间消灭空间”以实现自身积累并按照资本主义生产关系要求进行空间重塑的逻辑展开了具体分析，并指出资本主义空间发展的实质是以资本为核心的同质性空间的生产与再生产，这种空间生产本质上与人的自由发展的空间相背离，以此建构出了资本主义空间批判的内在机理。除了批判的维度之外，马克思还在《资本论》及其手稿中独创性地给出了用时间创造空间的建构方案。这一空间的建构方案以历史唯物主义为基础，将每个人的自由全面发展作为最终目标。马克思在其中阐明了必须发挥时间的积极功用来创造人的自由发展空间的未来空间建构原则，而这一建构路径为无产阶级找到了实现自由全面发展的空间路径：形成对剥削空间的清醒认知，消灭资本主义私有制，建构共产主义的空间形态，实现社会生产力与人的自由发展的统一。总之，马克思在《资本论》及其手稿中所展现出的空间批判思想以实现人的自由解放和空间正义为旨归，深入探讨这一系列文本对于深化马克思空间理论研究具有重要的理论与实践意义。

Space is the form of material motion and an important field for human practical activities. Space has always existed dialectically in Marx's social critical theory. It not only constitutes the premise of human material production practice, but also is the field of social relations production
and reproduction, and is also the carrier of capital proliferation and surplus value production. It can be said that the space element constitutes an important part of Marx's historical materialism, as well as an important foothold of his capitalist criticism.
Marx's spatial thought was highlighted in Capital and its manuscripts. Through a comprehensive analysis of the capitalist production process, he delved into the inherent logic of capitalist space based on the circulation of capital. Although Marx did not directly study the relationship between capital and space as an independent chapter, the analysis of space did run through various issues he explored, forming a very important part of Marx's critique of capital. On this basis, Marx carried out a specific analysis of the logic that capital tried to "eliminate
space with time" to achieve its own accumulation and reshape space according to the requirements of capitalist relations of production, and pointed out that the essence of capitalist
space development is the production and reproduction of homogeneous space with capital as the core, which in essence deviates from the space of human free development, Based on this, the internal mechanism of capitalist spatial criticism was constructed.
In addition to the critical dimension, Marx also creatively provided a construction plan for creating space through time in Capital and its manuscripts. The construction plan of this space is based on historical materialism, with the free and comprehensive development of everyone as the ultimate goal. Marx expounded in it the principle of constructing future space that must utilize the positive function of time to create a space for human free development, and this construction path has found a space path for the proletariat to achieve free and comprehensive development: forming a clear understanding of exploitative space, eliminating capitalist private ownership, constructing a space form of communism, and achieving the unity of social productivity and human free development.
In short, Marx's space critical thinking aims to achieve human freedom and liberation and spatial justice, opening up a new paradigm for Marxist space production research, which has
important theoretical and practical significance for deepening space theory research.