甘露之变是唐史研究的重点和难点。但长久以来，学者们对“甘露之变”内涵的理解和史籍与学术界对此事件的既有定义存在偏差，实有必要予以纠正。此外，在该研究当中，尚有两点研究取向值得开拓。一是应更注意从史源学的角度考察该事件，注意阐释杂史、集部资料与正史文献之间的张力和互动，使更多遮蔽史实得以显露；二是与关注事变背景相比，应更多关注事变中各方势力的角逐与权势变化，更多关注事态走向及其背后原因，顺时而观，梳理开成以降唐廷各个时期对该事件的评价，进而认知其事件之政治文化史流变。

本文第一章主要解决了三个问题。首先，从知识史、史学史的角度考察了唐宋时人对李训政变和甘露之变两者认识的区隔，强调“甘露之变”是李训政变和宦官报复行动的总和的事实。进而依据《册府元龟》的记载，将“甘露之变”的具体时间精确至大和九年十一月二十一日至三十日。而后，从“信—任”型君臣关系的视角出发，依据史籍，结合新见墓志，勾勒出大和七年以来星变与灾异频仍的外部政治环境，剖析出李训兼通易释、憎恶宦官的知识结构和郑注以麝香治疗卒中风的“药学”本领，从而揭示了二人得幸于文宗的“内在理路”。继而从史源学和多维史料的视角切入，先指出《乙卯记》所论“李训谋逆”的说法当产生在开成至大中年间，事变亲历人李德裕并不认为文宗对李训政变有所授意。后以《册府元龟》的材料为依据，对唐文宗与李训政变的关系、两镇部曲对政变成败的影响等重要问题做了探讨，得出虽然唐文宗支持除宦，但对李训政变并不知情，故在事变时选择相信宦官而加速李训政变失败的结论。

第二章主要聚焦于甘露之变中的宦官报复行动。首先分析、梳理了宦官对朝臣的报复行为及其背后逻辑，强调仇士良等人通过逼迫王涯认谋反罪和实施“斩于独柳”刑处置罪臣来强化其系列行为正当性和合法性的史实。第二，以明代王袆《大事记续编》记载为线索，分析被宦官族诛之“十七家”官员究竟为谁。通过考察《大和摧凶记》一书的流传情况和对《大事记续编》记录与诸史籍名单的比勘，基本认为王袆所记名单即为《大和摧凶记》原书名单，其“十七家”分别为：郑注、王涯、贾餗、舒元舆、李训、王璠、郭行余、李孝本、罗立言、韩约、李贞素、魏逢、顾师邕、钱可复、卢简能、萧杰、卢弘茂，补充了史乘之阙，验证了《大事记续编》一书在考证唐史中的重要史料价值。第三，结合史籍和墓志材料，考述了金吾卫、神策军及其将领在事变中的遭遇和行迹。探究出事变后左神策军负责城内搜捕、右神策军负责城外追击的分工安排。利用《陈君赏墓志》，抉发出事变后金吾卫曾与宦官、神策军一道御侮维稳的另一历史面向。

第三章主要探讨甘露之变的余绪与唐廷对李训政变的平反历程两个问题。第一节首先确定了甘露之变后，文宗、朝臣、宦官三方共同确立了祸起于李训、郑注的政治话语体系的结论。在此基础上，考述了朝臣和皇帝进行的取消戎服参拜、恢复事变前被杀宦官名誉、制止报复扩大化、全活罪臣亲属、恢复起居注制度等系列回应甘露之变的“反思”举措。通过分析可知，这些举措的立场均以李训、郑注行径作为衡量条件。凡二人之政均予以反正，凡二人贬黜之人均予以复用，凡因二人行径造成的宦官对朝臣的过分打击报复和威胁皇帝之举措，均予以制止。第二节则以两方墓志为基础，集矢于甘露之变对宦官内部权力结构的影响，得出甘露之变导致宦官领袖仇士良与文宗近侍型宦官的紧密结合的结论。第三节梳理了唐廷对李训政变的态度从文、武两朝的不予平反、到宣宗后期平反错杀的王涯、贾餗、再到唐昭宗全面平反历程及其原因。仇士良和李德裕在文宗、武宗两朝均具有极为强势的地位，因为二人对李训、郑注都极其憎恨，故所有被族诛之人在当时均未获得平反。大中八年，《文宗实录》修成，令狐绹继承其父令狐楚遗志，继续进言，为王涯、贾餗等冤死官员伸冤。宣宗为抑制宦官权力，宣布对王涯、贾餗予以平反。光化四年，被宦官刘季述幽禁数月的唐昭宗在宰相崔胤的支持下复位。崔胤欲尽诛宦官，在《改元天复赦》中指出李训本受文宗密旨而发动政变，为十七名官员平反。崔胤、朱温包括此赦在内的一系列除宦准备导致韩全诲劫持昭宗，间接造成了唐王朝的覆灭。崔胤对此负有不可推卸的责任。吴越奉后梁正统，吴越丞相皮光业记述了崔胤除宦是欲为其父崔慎由报甘露之变之仇的虚假故事，并为《新唐书》所采纳。甘露之变在唐末五代有了层累构造“史实”进入。

The Sweet Dew Incident is a key and challenging topic in the study of Tang Dynasty history. However, there has long been a deviation in the understanding of the connotation of "Sweet Dew Incident" among scholars and the existing definitions of this event in historical records and academia, which necessitates correction. In addition, there are two research directions worth exploring in this study. First, more attention should be paid to examining the event from the perspective of source studies, elucidating the tension and interaction between miscellaneous histories and collected works with official historical documents, revealing more obscured historical facts; secondly, compared to focusing on the background of the incident, more attention should be paid to the competition and changes in power among various forces during the incident, and more attention should be paid to the development of the situation and its underlying reasons, observing in accordance with the times, sorting out the evaluations of the Tang court on this event from the Kaicheng period to the end of the Tang Dynasty, and thereby recognizing the political and cultural historical changes of the event.

The first chapter of this paper mainly addresses three issues. Firstly, from the perspective of the history of knowledge and historiography, it examines the distinction between the understanding of Li Xun's coup and the Sweet Dew Incident by people in the Tang and Song dynasties, emphasizing the fact that the "Sweet Dew Incident" is a combination of Li Xun's coup and the eunuchs' retaliatory actions. Then, based on the records in Cefu Yuangui, the specific time of the "Sweet Dew Incident" is precisely defined from the 21st to the 30th of the 11th month of the ninth year of the Dahe era. After that, from the perspective of the "trust-appointment" type of monarch-minister relationship, based on historical records and combining newly discovered epitaphs, it outlines the external political environment of frequent star changes and disasters since the seventh year of the Dahe era, analyzes Li Xun's knowledge structure of understanding Yi and his aversion to eunuchs, and Zheng Zhu's "pharmacological" skills of treating sudden stroke with musk, revealing the "internal logic" of the two people's favor with Emperor Wenzong. Then, from the perspective of source studies and multi-dimensional historical materials, it first points out that the statement "Li Xun's rebellion" discussed in Yimaoji should have emerged between the Kaicheng and Dazhong periods, and the event's experiencer Li Deyu did not believe that Emperor Wenzong had any intention to support Li Xun's coup. Later, based on the materials of Cefu Yuangui, it discusses important issues such as the relationship between Emperor Wenzong and Li Xun's coup and the impact of the two towns' troops on the success or failure of the coup, concluding that although Emperor Wenzong supported the removal of eunuchs, he was unaware of Li Xun's coup, so he chose to believe the eunuchs during the incident, which accelerated the failure of Li Xun's coup.

The second chapter mainly focuses on the retaliatory actions of eunuchs in the Sweet Dew Incident. Firstly, it analyzes and combs the retaliatory actions of eunuchs against court officials and the logic behind them, emphasizing the historical fact that Qiu Shi Liang and others strengthened the legitimacy and legality of their series of actions by forcing Wang Ya to admit to the crime of rebellion and implementing the "beheading at the solitary willow" punishment for criminals. Secondly, taking the records in Wang Hui's Continuation of the Major Events as a clue, it analyzes who the "seventeen families" of officials were who were exterminated by eunuchs. Through the investigation of the circulation of  Dahe Cuixiong Ji  and the comparison of the records in "Continuation of the Major Events" with the lists in various historical records, it is basically believed that the list recorded by Wang Hui is the original list of "Dahe Cuixiong Ji," and its "seventeen families" are: Zheng Zhu, Wang Ya, Jia Su, Shu Yuanyu, Li Xun, Wang Fan, Guo Xingyu, Li Xiaoben, Luo Liyan, Han Yue, Li Zhensu, Wei Feng, Gu Shiyong, Qian Kefu, Lu Jianeng, Xiao Jie, Lu Hongmao, supplementing the gaps in historical records and verifying the important historical value of Continuation of the Major Events in the study of Tang history. Thirdly, combining historical records and epitaph materials, it examines the experiences and traces of the Jinwu Guard and the ShenCe Army and their leaders in the incident. It explores the division of labor after the incident, with the Left ShenCe Army responsible for the search and arrest within the city and the Right ShenCe Army responsible for the pursuit outside the city. Using the epitaph of Chen Junshang, it reveals another historical aspect of the Jinwu Guard working with eunuchs and the ShenCe Army to maintain stability after the incident.

The third chapter mainly discusses the aftermath of the Sweet Dew Incident and the process of the Tang court's rehabilitation of Li Xun's coup in two issues. The first section first determines the conclusion that after the Sweet Dew Incident, Emperor Wenzong, court officials, and eunuchs jointly established a political discourse system that the disaster originated from Li Xun and Zheng Zhu. On this basis, it describes a series of "reflection" measures taken by court officials and the emperor in response to the Sweet Dew Incident, such as canceling military attire participation, restoring the reputation of eunuchs killed before the incident, stopping the expansion of retaliation, saving the relatives of criminals, and restoring the daily record system. Through analysis, it is known that the positions of these measures are all based on the actions of Li Xun and Zheng Zhu. All policies of the two are reversed, all people demoted by the two are re-employed, and all excessive retaliatory actions against court officials and threats to the emperor caused by the actions of the two are stopped. The second section focuses on the impact of the Sweet Dew Incident on the internal power structure of eunuchs, concluding that the Sweet Dew Incident led to the close combination of the eunuch leader Qiu Shi Liang and the close attendant eunuchs of Emperor Wenzong. The third section sorts out the process and reasons for the Tang court's attitude towards Li Xun's coup from the non-rehabilitation of Wen and Wu dynasties, to the posthumous rehabilitation of Wang Ya, Jia Su by Emperor Xuanzong, and to the comprehensive rehabilitation by Emperor Zhaozong. Qiu Shi Liang and Li Deyu both had a very strong position in the Wen and Wu dynasties, because both hated Li Xun and Zheng Zhu very much, so all the people who were exterminated were not rehabilitated at that time. In the eighth year of the Dazhong era, The Veritable Records of Emperor Wenzong was completed, and Linghu Tao inherited his father Linghu Chu's will and continued to speak up, pleading for the wrongfully killed officials such as Wang Ya and Jia Su. Emperor Xuanzong, in order to curb the power of eunuchs, announced the rehabilitation of Wang Ya and Jia Su. In the fourth year of Guanghua, Emperor Zhaozong, who was imprisoned by the eunuch Liu Jishu for several months, returned to the throne with the support of the prime minister Cui Yin. Cui Yin wanted to kill all eunuchs and pointed out in the Amnesty of the New Era of Tianfu that Li Xun launched the coup on the secret order of Emperor Wenzong, rehabilitating seventeen officials. Cui Yin, Zhu Wen, including this amnesty and a series of preparations for the removal of eunuchs, led to Han Quanhui's hijacking of Emperor Zhaozong, indirectly causing the fall of the Tang Dynasty. Cui Yin bears an inescapable responsibility. The Wu Yue Dynasty followed the orthodoxy of the Later Liang Dynasty, and the prime minister of Wu Yue, Pi Guangye, recorded the false story that Cui Yin's removal of eunuchs was to avenge his father Cui Shenyou, which was adopted by New Book of Tang. Sweet Dew Incident had a layered construction of "historical facts" entering the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties.