加拿大作家张翎的长篇小说《金山》依托主流华侨史史料，讲述了晚清广东华工方得法一家五代近百年的加拿大移民史。张翎以新移民视角重写北美华裔文学的“华工母题”，同时承继晚清出洋华工小说的“苦难”与“报国”两大主题。但因其过于依赖抽象的历史主题 与抒情意味过重的细节表现，导致历史事件的叙述存在失真。经验的失真也延续到其日常叙事中，《金山》试图复原华人街生活，但泛人性的创作模式导致人物身心刻画充满概念化色彩，其对政治经济内容的伦理情爱投射显示出历史感的单向性，更印证其历来文艺创作的惯性思维。张翎过于乐观的人道主义色彩与其被学院式文学教育与 80年代新启蒙主义思潮所形塑的文学观念密切相关，但其新移民写作“多元认同”与“再追认”的文化意识又弥补了《金山》的历史感知。

Canadian author Zhang Ling's full-length novel "Jinshan" relies on mainstream Chinese historical sources to tell the nearly 100-year history of Canadian immigration by five generations of the Fang Defa family, a Cantonese Chinese worker in the late Qing Dynasty. Zhang Ling rewrites the theme of Chinese workersin North American Chinese literature from the perspective of new immigrants, while inheriting the two themes of "suffering" and "revenge" from the novels of Chinese workers who went abroad in the late Qing Dynasty. However, because it relies too much on

abstract historical themes and lyrical details, the unfolding of historical events is distorted. The distortion of experience also extends to its daily narrative. Jinshan tries to restore the life of Chinese street, but its pan-humanistic creation mode leads to a conceptualized portrayal of characters' bodies and minds, and its ethical and loving projection of political and economic contents shows the unidirectional nature of historical sense, which confirms the inertia of its literary creation. z Zhang Ling's over-optimistic humanitarianism is in line with the influence of his academic literary education and the new Enlightenment trend of the 1980s. Zhang Ling's overly optimistic humanism is closely related to the literary concepts shaped by academic literary education and the new Enlightenment trend of the 1980s, but his cultural awareness of "multiple identities" and "re-identification" in his new immigrant writing makes up for the historical perception of Jinshan to a certain extent.