在新一轮高中数学课程改革下，人教A版教材在湖北省实施三年有余，不论是对教师还是对学生都经历着一场新的挑战和考验。在新的教育教学理念以及新的学习要求和评价制度下，给第一线的教师提出了更新更高的任务和要求。由于人教A版教材与人教03版的内容有较大的变化，教师们在使用新教材的过程中出现了许多问题。本文以人教A版高一数学的必修I(新教材)和过去使用的人教03版高一数学第一册(上)(旧教材)的内容为研究对象，以文本比较的方式，对比两个版本教材在集合与函数部分内容上的异同并进行分析。通过高中数学新旧教材的比较研究，得出旧教材虽然与实际联系不够紧密，但结构严谨，知识体系完善；新教材虽然有许多创新点，却有失系统性，存在漏洞。这对新老教师全面掌握新教材的优势与不足，进而推进新课程都有着重要的意义。

In the new Mathematics Curriculum Reform of senior school, the person teaches A edition of the implementation of teaching materials in Hubei province , whether for teachers or students are experiencing a new challenges and tests. In the new concept of education and the new learning requirements and evaluation system, to our teachers teaching in the first line made a lot of very new, very high mission and requirements. Because of the big changes between the A textbooks and the old textbooks, there are many problems in the use of new materials. In this paper, in order to teach A version of high mathematics required I (new material) and past use of PEP version 03 high mathematics book (on) (the old textbooks) content as the research object, the text comparison, comparing the two versions of textbooks in the set and function part of the contents of the similarities and differences and analysis. Through the comparative study between the new and the old teaching material of high school mathematics, although the old textbooks are not closely linked with the actual, they have precise structure, perfect knowledge system; new material has many innovations, it is not systematic, and it has some loopholes. To the new and old teachers’ mastering the advantages and disadvantages of new teaching materials and then promote the new curriculum, it is of great significance.