民国小学语文教科书是研究近代语文教育发展史的重要文献资料，此前关于民国小学语文教科书的研究还比较有限，本文在前人研究的基础上，通过查阅人民教育出版社馆藏的民国时期小学语文教科书，以民国高小语文教科书中的传统文化选文为研究对象，聚焦教科书中口传文化的内容及价值，探讨民国高小语文教科书在传承中华民族传统文化方面起到那些重要作用。 本研究先是阐明了“民国高小语文教科书”和“传统文化选文”这两个核心概念，综述了此前对于民国语文教科书和传统文化的已取得的研究成果，概述了民国时期小学语文教科书的发展情况。笔者通过查阅、搜集、整理第一手的文献资料，将所能查阅到的民国高小语文教科书中的能够起到传统文化传承作用的口传文化类的选文进行摘录、整理和分析，按照传说、故事、寓言、笑话、歌谣、曲艺的分类，对每一类的选文从内容和形式上进行较为细致的分析，并归纳出每一类选文的特点，及其所起到的教育作用。然后结合上述分析，综合起来探讨民国高小语文教科书传统文化选文对当今语文教育的影响和启示。 本研究最后得出结论：民国小学语文教科书的传统文化选文，在注重培养儿童的语文素养的同时，能够体现“儿童本位”的教育思想，注重教材的文学性和趣味性。教科书中的选文都是用儿童能够接受的方式来加以呈现的，比如本文提到的许多有趣的故事、寓言、笑话等形式，都有利于激发儿童的学习兴趣。这些选文开阔了儿童的审美视野，帮助他们从小形成良好的个人修养和品格，树立正确的人生观和价值观。对后来的语文教育也有很多启发。

The Chinese textbooks for higher primary school of Republic of China are important literature materials to study modern Chinese education developing history. Formerly, the studies of the Chinese textbooks for primary school of Republic of China are still relatively limited. This paper is on the basis of previous studies, to study the texts of traditional culture in Chinese textbooks for higher primary school of Republic of China by inspecting the Chinese textbooks for primary school of Republic of China in the People’s Education Press, focusing on the content and value of the oral spreading culture, to explore the important role which the Chinese textbooks for higher primary school of Republic of China plays in the heritage of traditional Chinese culture.Firstly, This study illustrates the two core concepts, “the Chinese textbooks for higher primary school of Republic of China” and “the texts of traditional culture”, generalizes the previous studies of the Chinese textbooks of Republic of China and the traditional culture, and summarizes the development of the Chinese textbooks for primary school of Republic of China. The author extracts, sort out and analyzed the texts in the Chinese textbooks for higher primary school of Republic of China which can play the role of the heritage of traditional cultural, according the categories of legend, stories, fables, jokes, songs and folk arts. The author analyzed each sort of texts from the content and the form, and sum up the characteristics of each sort of texts and the educational effects that each sort of texts can make. And then combining with the above analysis, the author discusses the texts of traditional culture’s influence and enlightenment on today’s Chinese education.Finally, this study concludes that the texts in the Chinese textbooks for higher primary school of Republic of China focus on the training children’s Chinese literary accomplishments, and also reflect the educational thoughts of “Children’s Department”, emphasizing the literature and interesting. The texts in the textbooks are presented in a way that children can accept, such as stories, fables and jokes, and so on. These texts will help children stimulate their interest in learning. They can open children’s aesthetic vision, to help them grow to form a good personal integrity and character, to establish a correct outlook on life and values, and they can also give a lot of inspiration to later studies of Chinese education.