经院哲学出现于11世纪的欧洲，在国内，学者们对经院哲学的研究很少，这使我们对许多问题的认识都是空白，正是国内学术界的这种现状，笔者认为对这个问题的研究有重要的价值，一方面它可以打破学术界多年来对经院的片面认识，另一方面可以在此基础上揭示出中世纪西欧经院哲学与大学教育之间的相互影响、相互作用。在西方学术界，对于经院的本质有一种比较认同的看法，那就是它是一种思想内容与方法体系的综合体，既包括丰富的思想内容，又是一种方法体系。既然经院也包含方法论的成分，那么“经院方法”的使用就是可以理解的了。而在本篇文章中，笔者所要探讨的也主要是经院的方法在大学中的应用及其它对中世纪大学教育的影响。经院的方法即是在12世纪的大学教学中兴起的分析与综合的方法，在中世纪被称为辩证的方法。在这种方法体系中，经院学家首先都会把某部或某几部著作作为本学科的权威，但是，由于这些权威著作中又存在许多相互矛盾的地方，因此，经院学家的任务就是解释、诵读文本。到13世纪，辩证的方法逐渐兴起，在大学教学中占据着主导地位，这种方法主要是解决各权威著作中存在的矛盾，最后达到和谐统一。12世纪时，逻辑论证的方法即经院的方法开始发挥重要影响，它从兴起到发展经历了三个历史阶段，其一是在加洛林时期逻辑学伴随古典文化而复兴；其二是在公元1000年，热尔贝对逻辑学倾注了很大的热情；其三是在12世纪逻辑学的大发展。这种方法的发展主要表现在在每个历史时期逻辑学在教学中地位的不断提升。逻辑学的发展离不开学术复兴的大背景，同时学术的复兴又是与11、12世纪的政治经济环境相联系的。政治方面，城市和封建领主之间的冲突愈演愈烈，另外，世俗政治和教会之间的矛盾激化；经济方面，农业有了很大的进步，农业生产能力的提高使得手工业和商业的发展成为可能。政治和经济领域的变化对文化的发展产生了重要影响，促进了西欧第一批大学的产生和哲学、医学和法律学科的设置，而在西欧大学中，这些学科对逻辑学的兴起和辩证方法的运用产生了重要影响。经院的方法兴起之后，在中世纪大学的各个学科中，比如在法学院、神学院、艺学院都得到了广泛的运用，并且在13世纪时期在大学中产生了重要的影响，一方面表现在大学给予逻辑学以重要地位，其二表现在中世纪大学对论辩方法的重视。

Scholasticism arose in Europe in 11th century. There are so few studies on it for domestic historians that we have no much knowledge about it, which make further studies necessary. For one thing, we can know about it totally; for another, we can get more knowledge about the relationship between scholasticism and the education in the university in Europe in the Middle Ages. For Western historians, there is a similar opinion on the nature of scholasticism. They take it as a synthesis of prolific contents and methodological system. Now that it includes the element of methodological system, the use of the term “scholastic method” is reasonable. In this paper, the writer wants to give the knowledge about the use of the method and its influence on the education in the university in the Middle Ages. The scholastic method, that is analysis and synthesis, was called dialectic method in the Middle Ages. The schoolmen who used this method always regarded one or many classical works as the authority. But there were a lot of contradictory versions in these works. To bring them together to an agreement, they commented and read aloud. Dialectic emerged and weighted a lot in the 13th century.The logic became have a great influence in the 12th century, which experienced three stages. The first stage came about in the Carlovingian period. The second stage occurred in the 1000’s, in which Gerbert devoted to the logic with great fervor. The last one appeared in the 12th century, in which the logic made great progress.The development of logic was due to the renaissance of the classical culture, and the latter had much relationship with the politics and economics in the 11th or 12th century. The feudal lords and the new bourgeois in the new cities were on a collision course. The temporal emperor clashed with the pope. Agriculture in this period made rapid progress, which made the developments of industry and trade possible. The changes in the politics and economics had great influences on the use of dialectic in the university in the Millde Ages.The scholastic method had been applied in the law, theology and arts in the university in the Middle Ages. It effected the education in the 13th century. It weighted a lot in the university and the schoolmen paid more attention to the logic and dialectic.