给予义动词使用频率较高，富有语法化的潜力，常兼任其他语法功能。汉语给予义动词研究最初在“给”等个别给予义动词身上以历时语料整理或共时语义分析的形式展开，语义地图理论被引入现代汉语学界后，学者们意识到语义地图方法对方言语法研究的重要价值，开始使用这一理论统合方言材料和历时语料，绘制了给予义动词不同方言环境下的语义地图。在充分认识给予义动词所处的概念空间的前提下，给予义动词与其他功能间所可能发生的语义演变路径将能够得到确认，进而帮助判断语法化的具体过程。语义地图模型系统性地梳理了相近功能之间的联系性，使得特定词汇在不同语言环境下语法功能的不同表现具有了可比性，也就进一步地拓宽了方言比较中可供选取的比较对象。本研究以语义地图理论为基本参照，通过开展调查搜集西南地区北方方言的材料，了解这一区域内可以充当给予义动词的词汇在各方言点中的功能差异，比对相关概念空间绘制各方言点的语义地图模型，观察这些词汇的语法功能在地理空间上的分布特征，并分析分布特征内部的形成原因与外部的影响因素。

调查部分由前期研究、材料调查两个步骤组成。前期研究搜集了现有研究与西南地区给予义动词有关的材料，根据这些材料中的缺憾或讹误之处调整了调查内容。在此基础上，调查以实地采访为主、以线上问卷为补充，在西南地区七个省份搜集到了来自46个方言点的121个样本，重点了解“给”“跟”“把”“拿”四词在西南地区各方言点的用法，并对样本的讹误与分歧进行了判别。

作图部分首先讨论了数据的统计手段，确定了本研究采用的概念空间模型，根据调查数据分别绘制了四词在各方言点的语义地图，观察其地理连续性。语义地图显示，“给”相较于其他三个词功能上明显更为发达，充任给予义动词的用法也最为通行；“跟”在川黔一带有着和“给”混同难分的使用现象；而“把”“拿”的功能大幅收缩，很少充任给予义动词。特定功能的地理分布具有集中性，方言区边缘的狭长分布则显示了跨方言接触的特征。

研究最终以上述特征在西南地区划定了五个区域，并讨论了内外因素对语义地图形态的影响，指出方言接触不是“断链”现象的成因。在语义地图方法局限性上的讨论提供了重新评估研究方法有效性的机会，语义地图模型在方法上尚有发展空间，但是它强大的数据统合能力和清晰便捷的使用方式都显示出了在方言比较研究中的巨大潜力。

Verbs of giving exhibit a high frequency and the potential for grammaticalization, often serving as other grammatical functions. Research on verbs of giving in Chinese initially began with diachronic corpus collection or synchronic semantic analysis on individual verbs of giving such as Gei(给). After the introduction of semantic map theory into the field of modern Chinese, scholars realized the significant value of this method for dialectal grammar research, starting to utilize this theory to integrate dialectal materials and diachronic corpora, and drawing semantic maps of verbs of giving in different dialectal environments. With a comprehensive understanding of the conceptual space where verbs of giving exist, the possible semantic evolution paths between verbs of giving and other functions can be confirmed, thereby helping to identify the specific process of the grammaticalization. The semantic map model systematically delineates the connectivity between close functions, enabling comparability of the different manifestations of specific vocabulary in various language environments, thereby further expanding the range of comparative objects available for dialect comparison. This study, based on the theory of semantic maps, collects materials through surveys in Southwestern Mandarin to understand the functional differences of vocabulary that can serve as verbs of giving in various dialect spots. It compares and maps the related conceptual space in various dialect spots, observing the distribution patterns in geographical space of these vocabulary's grammatical functions, and analyzing the internal formation factors and external influencing factors of the distribution pattern.

The investigation part consists of two steps: preliminary research and material investigation. Preliminary research collects materials related to the verbs of giving in the Southwest region from existing studies, and adjusts the investigation content based on the deficiencies or errors in these materials. Based on this, the investigation, through field interviews supplemented by online questionnaires, collects 121 samples from 46 dialect spots in seven provinces in the Southwest region, focusing on understanding the usage of the four words Gei(给), Gen(跟), Ba(把), and Na(拿) in various dialect spots in the Southwest region, and discerns errors and different points in the samples.

The graphical part first discusses the statistical methods of the data, determines the conceptual space model adopted in this study, and draws semantic maps of the four words in various dialect spots based on survey data, observing their geographical continuity. The semantic maps show that Gei(给) is functionally more developed compared to the other three words, and its usage as verbs of giving is also the most common; Gen(跟) in the Sichuan-Guizhou region exhibits a confusion with Gei(给) making them difficult to distinguish; while the functions of Ba(把) and Na(拿) have significantly contracted, rarely serving as verbs of giving. The geographical distribution of specific functions is concentrated, while the narrow distribution at the edges of the dialect group shows the characteristic of cross-dialect contact.

The research ultimately delineates five zones in the Southwest region based on the aforementioned characteristics and discusses the influence of internal and external factors on the morphology of the semantic map, pointing out that dialect contact is not the cause of “chain rupture” phenomena. Discussion on the limitations of the semantic map method provides an opportunity to reevaluate the effectiveness of our research methods. The semantic map model still has room for development in terms of methodology, but its powerful data integration capability and the usability of clear and convenient both demonstrate the large potential in dialect comparative study.