新疆是我国地震灾害最严重的省份之一。2005年至2019年新疆共发生5级以上地震70次，占全国地震次数的45.16%。每次地震中都有大量的农房损毁或倒塌，严重影响灾区生产生活及经济社会发展。近十年来，新疆自治区政府通过抗震工程等方面对全疆住房实施防震减灾措施，一定程度上提升了区内的防灾减灾能力。但由于新疆是农业大省，农户风险防范意识较为薄弱，农房脆弱性问题仍很突出。如何科学有效降低地震对农房造成的灾害损失是全疆面临的一项长期而艰巨的任务。自2016年国家推出城乡居民住宅地震巨灾保险以来，全疆仅有昌吉地区等少数的地区开办，尚未广泛开展。因此，深入研究农户地震保险的需求及其影响因素，结合新疆的实际情况，提出利于政府推动又符合农户需求的地震保险方案，将为推动新疆农房地震保险发展具有重要的现实意义。论文围绕农户地震保险需求及其影响因素，主要从以下三个方面展开研究：

1.   以新疆昌吉农房地震保险开办经验和灾后理赔案例为例，分析农房地震保险在新疆的开展现状及存在问题。

2.   以农户地震风险意识和地震保险意愿为目标，对新疆11个地区的45个县（团场）开展了问卷调查。根据调研数据评估新疆农户地震灾害的风险认知程度和投保意愿，并分析了农户投保影响因素。

3.   通过实证访谈，对新疆银保监局财产险处、昌吉应急管理中心、阿克苏应急管理中心、和田应急管理中心的对口管理地震工作的领导进行研究，明确了推行农房地震保险工作中管理部门关注的重点问题。

通过研究，本文得到以下结论：

1.   新疆昌吉地震保险实例说明，地州或县市层级统筹保障农户区域化地震保险的保障能力与保险方案的设计、政府的财政能力、保险公司理赔救灾能力息息相关。

2.   通过问卷调研统计分析可知，农户的房屋抗震性能、风险认知水平和政府参与保险的支持力度均对农户的最终地震保险购买意愿产生影响。年龄与农房保险的了解程度呈负相关，即年龄越大对农房保险了解越少；农户对地震发生后的房屋重建能力越差，则越需要政府的保险推动及保费的补贴；农户的学历越高，对保险重要性认知程度越高；农户对于地震破坏性有充分认知的情况下，会愿意自行支付保费。农户购买地震保险意愿与农户的收入、受教育程度及房屋抗震性能影响较小、与地震风险的认知程度影响较大，其中与政府参与的支持力度和政府的投保补贴比例影响最大。

3.   通过政府访谈得知，地震灾害中最为迫切的保障类型为居民住房损失补偿。保费分担方式主要为建立省市县三级财政提供一定比例保费补贴。在推广农房地震保险方面，初期政府承担的主要责任是政策推动、引导，及适当的财政补贴。

4. 现行农房地震保险的主要问题在于农户风险意识薄弱，购买地震保险动力较小且购买能力较弱。地方政府财政资金短缺，如若全部通过政府财政负担，则政府财政压力较大，应当在农户与政府之间设置既符合农户支出能力又能尽量减轻财政负担的保费分担比例。政府可以先选取部分区域或县域进行分散试点，待政策成熟后进行全区推动。

基于上述结论，根据问卷调研和相关部门实地访谈的结果以及新疆实际情况，本文设计了两套农房地震保险方案。第一套是按地市或县进行分散试点，采取农户家庭财产保险附加地震险方案；第二套是选取部分县为试点，采取农房地震巨灾保险方案。该工作为推进新疆农房地震保险工作提供可借鉴的方案。

Xinjiang is one of the provinces with the worst earthquake disaster in my country. From 2005 to 2019, there were 70 earthquakes of magnitude 5 or higher in Xinjiang, accounting for 45.16% of the total number of earthquakes in the country. In each earthquake, a large number of farm buildings were damaged or collapsed, which seriously affected the production, life and economic and social development of the disaster area. In the past ten years, the Xinjiang Autonomous Region government has implemented earthquake-prevention and disaster-reduction measures for housing in Xinjiang through earthquake-resistant projects, which has improved the disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities in the region to a certain extent. However, Xinjiang is a large agricultural province, farmers' awareness of risk prevention is relatively weak, and the vulnerability of farm houses is still very prominent. How to scientifically and effectively reduce the disaster losses caused by earthquakes to rural houses is a long-term and arduous task facing Xinjiang. Since the state launched the earthquake catastrophe insurance for urban and rural residents in 2016, it has only been opened in a few areas such as the Changji area in Xinjiang, and it has not been widely implemented. Therefore, an in-depth study of the needs of rural household earthquake insurance and its influencing factors, combines with the actual situation in Xinjiang, proposes an earthquake insurance plan that is conducive to the promotion of the government and meets the needs of rural households, which will have important practical significance to promote the development of rural housing earthquake insurance in Xinjiang. The thesis focuses on farmers’earthquake insurance demand and its influencing factors, mainly from the following three aspects:

1. Take Xinjiang Changji's farm house earthquake insurance experience and post-disaster claim cases as examples to analyze the current situation and existing problems of farm house earthquake insurance in Xinjiang.

2. A questionnaire survey was carried out in 45 counties (group farms) in 11 regions of Xinjiang with the aim of farmers’awareness of earthquake risk and willingness of earthquake insurance. Based on the survey data, the earthquake disaster risk awareness and willingness of farmers in Xinjiang were evaluated, and the factors affecting farmers' insurance coverage were analyzed.

3. Through empirical interviews, conducted research on the leaders of the counterparty management earthquake work of Xinjiang Banking and Insurance Regulatory Bureau Property Insurance Division, Changji Emergency Management Center, Aksu Emergency Management Center, Hotan Emergency Management Center, and clarified the management in the implementation of rural housing earthquake insurance work. The key issues that the department is concerned about.

Through research, this article has reached the following conclusions:

1. An example of earthquake insurance in Changji, Xinjiang shows that the prefectural, prefecture, or county-level overall plan to protect rural households in regional earthquake insurance is closely related to the design of the insurance plan, the government's financial capacity, and the insurance company's ability to settle claims and disaster relief.

2. Through the questionnaire survey and statistical analysis, it can be seen that the earthquake resistance performance, risk awareness level of farmers' houses and the government's support for participating in insurance all have an impact on farmers' final earthquake insurance purchase intentions. Age is negatively correlated with the degree of understanding of rural housing insurance, that is, the older you are, the less you know about rural housing insurance; the worse the farmers’ability to rebuild their houses after an earthquake, the more they need government insurance promotion and premium subsidies; The higher the degree of education, the higher the degree of awareness of the importance of insurance; farmers will be willing to pay their own insurance premiums if they are fully aware of the destructive effects of an earthquake. Farmers’willingness to purchase earthquake insurance has little effect on farmers’income, education level, and seismic performance of houses, and has a greater impact on earthquake risk awareness. Among them, government participation in support and government insurance subsidies have the greatest impact.

3. According to government interviews, the most urgent type of protection in earthquake disasters is compensation for housing losses. The insurance premium sharing method is mainly to provide a certain percentage of premium subsidies for the establishment of provincial, municipal and county finance. In the promotion of earthquake insurance for rural houses, the main responsibilities assumed by the government at the initial stage are policy promotion, guidance, and appropriate financial subsidies.

4. The main problem of the current rural house earthquake insurance is that farmers have weak risk awareness, less motivation to purchase earthquake insurance and weak purchasing power. There is a shortage of local government financial funds. If all the government financial burdens are passed, the government financial pressure will be greater. The insurance premium sharing ratio should be set between farmers and the government that not only meets the expenditure capacity of farmers, but also reduces the financial burden as much as possible. The government can first select some regions or counties to carry out decentralized trials, and promote the whole district when the policies are mature.

Based on the above conclusions, according to the results of questionnaire survey and field interviews with relevant departments as well as the actual situation in Xinjiang, this paper designs two sets of rural housing earthquake insurance schemes. The first is to carry out decentralized pilot projects according to cities or counties, adopting the scheme of additional earthquake insurance for household property insurance; The second set is to select some counties as the pilot, and adopt the rural housing earthquake catastrophe insurance scheme. This work provides a reference scheme for promoting the earthquake insurance of rural housing in Xinjiang.