明代创设之卫所，在清代仍延续了数十年至上百年之久。清前期卫所的演变，牵动地方管理体制、军事防务部署、行政区划与屯田等多方面的变迁，其研究意义重大。笔者以山东沿海地区卫所为例，探究其在清前期的演变过程，同时考察随之而来的清前期山东沿海地区军事部署、行政区划与屯田的变迁，重点关注卫所制度这一明代遗留下来的旧有制度进入清代后，在新形势、新制度的冲击下，所做出的反应与所发生的变化。明代于山东沿海地区设置大量卫所，有青州左、莱州、登州、宁海、威海、成山、靖海、大嵩、鳌山、灵山、安东等11卫，雄崖、宁津、奇山、海阳、胶州等5守御所，以及若干备御所，这些卫所尽数裁改于顺治时期至乾隆初期，各卫所地区在裁卫后或兴或衰，引人深思。在清初的一段时间里，沿海卫所曾对绿营海防事务提到了重要的补充作用，但就大部分卫所而言，在绿营兵制的影响下，卫所的军事职能消失殆尽。清代追求政区的规整与地方管理体制的整齐划一，沿海卫所因其离州县较远，且地处海疆要地、又自成一体，得以长时间保留，却逐渐沦为与散州、县平行的行政单位，甚至被置于州、县之下，最终全遭裁改。有的卫所，如成山、大嵩二卫，抓住了时机，扩展境域，改制为县；有的卫所，如威海、靖海二卫，虽未能改制为县，却争取到了科举、赋役等方面的优惠政策，且很快与所归并之州、县融为一体，二者都得以繁荣发展；有的却一再衰败，如莱州府诸卫所，终不复明代时的繁荣景象。明代卫所最重要的职能首为军事、再为屯田，正因沿海卫所辖有大面积的境域与屯田，且即使至清初屯田收赋科则与州县民田赋税科则仍有较大区别，故而需要较长时间保留卫所来适应新形势、新局面，屯田变迁研究就成为卫所演变研究的重要组成部分。卫所改制为县，并非简单地将卫所地改为县地、屯田改为民田，其实用裁卫并设新县来概括这一历史过程更确切。甚至，新县的境域、土地、人口更多的是来自附近州县，而非原卫所。清代统治者进行包括裁改卫所在内的行政区划改革，是为了更好地统御地方、维系统治，同时充分考虑到了利于区域经济发展、便于赋税征收、减轻民众负担等因素。

Weisuo, which was first set in the Ming Dynasty, had lasted for decades to hundreds of years in the Qing Dynasty. The transformation of Weisuo in the early Qing Dynasty had related to several aspects such as the local management system, the military deployment, administrative divisions, Tuntian and so on, making the topic meaningful.The author takes the coastal Weisuo in Shandong for example, trying to make out the shift and reflection of Weisuo System from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, especially under the shock of new situation and system.In the Ming Dynasty, numbers of Weisuo institutions were set, including eleven Wei (Qing zhou left, Laizhou, Dengzhou , Ninghai, Weihai, Chengshan, Jinghai, Dasong, Aoshan, Lingshan, Andong), five ShouyuSuo(Xiongya, Ningjin, Qishan, Haiyang, Jiaozhou) and several BeiyuSuo. During the Empire Shunzhi and Qianlong period, these Weisuo institutions were all cut off. While the original Weisuo regions expericed rising or falling, which is worth pondering.Under the influence of the Green-flag Army System of Qing Dynasty, the military function of Weisuo had gradually dissolved. While the costal Weisuo had made great effect to complement the coastal defense of Green-flag Army. Dominators in Qing Dynasty looked forward to the well-shaped administrative divisions and local government system, the coastal Weisuo had survived for a long time as it was located in the lonely sea regions andfar from the Zhou and Xian. However, it had reduced to be the administrative unitparalleled with San-zhou and Xian, even under the Zhou and Xian, and finally been cut off. Some Weisuo institutions (for example, Chengshan and Dasong) grasped great chances, explored the region and made out to be the Xian. SomeWeisuoinstitutions (for example, Weihai and Jinghai) won more preferential policies on the imperial examination and tax, getting themselves involved in the Zhou and Xian and became dynamic. While some were on the decadent way like ones in Laizhou Fu. The most important functions of the Weisuo in the Ming Dynasty were military defense and reclamation. Due to the coastal Weisuotook a great charge of wild field, the study on the reclamation became very important. Getting the Weisuo into the Xian was a historical process in which the new Xian was rebuilt. Frankly speaking, the land, the population of the new Xian came more from the nearby Zhou and Xian rather than the original Weisuo.Dominators in Qing Dynasty promoted the reform of administrative divisionsto realize the better management and tighter grip. Getting the Weisuo rectification involved could help to regional economic development, taxation and reduce the burden on the people.