安史之乱后，唐朝形成藩镇林立的局面，藩镇成为唐代政治生活中的一个重要话题。作为唐朝财赋来源的东南地区也纷纷设置节度使，淮南就是其中之一。淮南藩镇在唐朝历史上的重要地位自不待言，就是对五代宋初的历史也有重要影响。五代宋初的杨吴、南唐政权，就是由唐末的淮南藩镇发展而来。而一些现代研究者则认为，五代十国各政权就是分别以中原和江淮（即杨吴、南唐）为核心的两大集团的对立。显然，淮南的“藩镇时代”是衔接唐与五代宋初历史的承上启下的重要一环，对该阶段的研究显然不失为一个认识唐宋历史的有效取径。本文就是以安史乱中淮南始建节度使为起点，全文分三章，将淮南镇的历史分为建立、演变和唐末三个历史时期进行考察。

淮南设置节度使始于至德元载（756），且在李成式时期就已设置，首任淮南节度使应从李成式时期算起。淮南在设置节度使之初，其辖地脱胎于之前的淮南道，但后来多次发生变化，长期所辖地是扬、楚、滁、和、舒、庐、寿、光八州。安史之乱中，乱兵虽不及江淮，但淮南镇为唐朝平叛提供了兵、粮支持。此期令江淮“始罹荼毒”的“刘展之乱”，其深层原因是唐朝中央内部肃宗张皇后与宦官李辅国、程元振的派系斗争，其本质是唐朝“内廷斗争”的延伸。

从安史之乱平定至王仙芝、黄巢起义爆发，淮南镇基本长期处于稳定状态。但这“基本稳定”的局面并不意味着停滞和僵化，而是蕴藏着发展和改变。本文对这一时期的考察是分建中年间的陈少游之乱、淮南节度使的选任和淮南镇的军事发展三方面来进行的。唐朝在建中年间发生的“泾原兵变”，本质上只是一次普通的军乱，只因发生在长安而造成重大影响。陈少游就是因“泾原兵变”后唐朝在黄河南、北的军队纷纷撤退，李希烈骤盛，故暂时款附于李希烈以作权宜之计。此举在当时也非个例。淮南虽然属于号称安定的东南藩镇，但在藩镇具体运行规则上与其他藩镇基本相同。如在节度使选任上，淮南也经历了从代、德时期认同军将拥立之风到宪宗时期唐朝对藩镇权力交接的绝对控制的转变。至于淮南节度使的人选，则具有明显的文儒特点。江淮地区在安史之乱时军力寡弱，淮南亦是如此。但后来的淮南军力得到很大发展。淮南在军事方面主要有防秋和平叛两个作用，尤其是在东南地区的平叛中，淮南常居主导地位，为维护东南地区的稳定发挥着巨大作用。通过对这三方面的考察，本文试图勾勒出这一时期唐朝中央与淮南地方之间的互动与改变。

高骈在唐末出任淮南节度使，是淮南乃至唐代历史上的一个重要人物。本文对高骈在淮南的事迹和高骈生前死后的形象变化进行了细致考证。本文所考高骈镇淮诸事包括高骈纵巢渡淮、高骈中和年间的两次出兵、高骈上表事件、高骈请僖宗巡幸江淮以及高骈臣嗣襄王煴。通过细致考证，我们发现当时高骈并未跋扈割据，高骈在其生前死后的相当长一段时间内也一直是正面形象。两《唐书》和《资治通鉴》关于高骈在淮南的事迹多采自对高骈有敌意者所作的《广陵妖乱志》，高骈的形象由此才由正面变成负面，并传于后世。

高骈之后，原庐州刺史杨行密陆续击败孙儒、朱全忠等人，在江淮崛起并逐渐发展成为东南地区最大的地方势力。但终唐一世，杨行密及其后继者始终以唐臣自居，并未有僭越之举。淮南镇作为东南地区的雄藩巨镇，一直是维护唐王朝统治的重要支柱。

唐朝灭亡之后，杨行密的后继者在相当长的时间内也仍以唐朝为正朔。后来取代杨氏的南唐统治者，就仍以李唐王朝的后继者自居。这显示出江淮地区对唐王朝具有的强大认同力。而这种认同，是五代十国局面形成的因素之一。

After the An-Shi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty formed a situation of numerous Fanzhen.Fanzhen became an important topic in the political life of the Tang Dynasty.As the source of the Tang Dynasty's wealth, Southeast China has also set up Jiedushi, Huainan is one of them.It goes without saying that Huainan Province has an important position in the history of the Tang Dynasty. It also has an important impact on the history of the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty.The regime of Yangwu and Nantang at the beginning of the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty was developed from Huainan Province at the end of the Tang Dynasty.Some modern researchers believe that the Five Dynasties and the Ten kingdoms were the opposition of the two groups with the Central Plains and the Jianghuai(i.e., the Yangwu and the Nantang) as the core.Obviously, the "Fanzhen Era" in Huainan is an important link between the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties,the early Song Dynasty. The study of this stage is obviously an effective way to understand the history of the Tang and Song Dynasties.Starting from the construction of Huainan Province during the An-shi Rebellion, this article is divided into three chapters, and the history of Huainan Province is divided into three historical periods: the establishment, the development and the late Tang Dynasty.

The establishment of the Huainan Province began in the 1st year of the Zhide Era(A.D.756), and had already been established in Li Cheng-shi period. The first military commissioner of Huainan should be started from Li Cheng-shi period.At the beginning of the Huainan Province, its jurisdiction was derived from the former Huainandao, but changed many times later. For a long time, its jurisdiction was the eight states of Yang, Chu, Chu, He, Shu, Lu, Shou and Guang.During the An-Shi Rebellion, although the rebellious soldiers did not reach the Jianghuai area, Huainan Province provided military and food support for the Tang Dynasty's counterinsurgency.The "Liu Zhan's Rebellion" that affected the Jianghuai area in this period was due to the factional struggle between Empress Zhang of Suzong and eunuchs Li Fuguo and Cheng Yuanzhen in the central government of the Tang Dynasty. Its essence was the extension of the "internal court struggle" of the Tang Dynasty.

From the pacification of the An-shi Rebellion to the outbreak of the Wang Xianzhi and Huangchao Uprising, Huainan Province was basically in a stable state for a long time.But this "basically stable" situation does not mean stagnation and rigidity, but implies development and change.The investigation of this period was carried out from three aspects: the rebellion of Chen Shaoyou in the Jianzhong Era, the election and appointment of the military commissioner of Huainan and the military development of Huainan Province.The "Rebellion of Jingyuan" that took place in the Jianzhong Era of the Tang Dynasty was just an ordinary military mutiny in essence, which only happened in Chang 'an and caused great influence.After the "Rebellion of Jingyuan", the armies of the Tang Dynasty in the south and north of the Yellow River retreated one after another, and Li Xilie became powerful. Therefore, Chen Shaoyou temporarily attached to Li Xilie as a temporary measure.This was not unique at that time.Although Huainan belongs to the southeast Fanzhen known as stability,it is basically the same as other Fanzhen in terms of specific operation rules.For example, Huainan also experienced the transition from the approval of military generals in the period of Daizong and Dezong to the absolute control of the power transfer of Fanzhen in the period of Xianzong.As for the candidates of the military commissioner of Huainan, they have obvious characteristics of literature and Confucianism.During the An-Shi Rebellion, the military strength of the Jianghuai area was relatively weak, so was Huainan, but later Huainan's military strength was greatly developed.Huainan mainly plays two roles in military affairs: Fangqiu and counterinsurgency. Especially in counterinsurgency in the southeast area, Huainan often plays a leading role in maintaining the stability of the southeast.Through the investigation of these three aspects, this article attempts to outline the interaction and changes between the central government of the Tang Dynasty and the Huainan Province during this period.

Gao Pian, who served as the governor of Huainan at the late of the Tang Dynasty, was an important figure in the history of Huainan and even the Tang Dynasty.This article makes a detailed research on Gao Pian's deeds in Huainan and his image changes before and after his death.The deeds of Gao Pian in Huainan discussed in this paper include Gao Pian's connivance of Huang Chao's crossing the Huaihe River, Gao Pian's two military missions during the Zhonghe Era, Gao Pian's quarrel with the Tang Dynasty, Gao Pian's invitation to Xizong to visit Huainan, and Gao Pian's courtship to Sixiangwang Yun.Through careful research, we found that Gao Pian was not domineering and separatist at that time. Gao Pian was also a positive image for a long time before and after his death.The deeds of Gao Pian in Huainan in the two "Tang Shu" and "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" are mostly taken from the "Guangling Demon Chronicles" written by those who are hostile to Gao Pian. Therefore, the image of Gao Pian changed from positive to negative and passed on to later generations.

After Gao Pian, Yang Xingmi, the former governor of Luzhou, successively defeated Sun Ru, Zhu Quanzhong and others, and became powerful in the Jianghuai area and gradually developed into the largest power in the southeast.But before the demise of the Tang Dynasty, Yang Xingmi and his successors always regarded themselves as Tang ministers, and there was no arrogance.Huainan Province, as a strong power in the southeast, has always been an important pillar to maintain the rule of the Tang Dynasty.

After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, Yang Xingmi's successors also continued to regard the Tang Dynasty as orthodox for a long time.The rulers of the Southern Tang Dynasty, who later replaced the Yang family, still regarded themselves as successors to the Tang Dynasty.This shows that the Jianghuai area has a strong identification with the Tang Dynasty.And this identification is one of the factors that formed the situation of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.