择业和就业与社会的发展和个人的幸福感息息相关，它是我们每一个人一生中都要面临的重大课题。当今社会就业压力很大，对于个人职业选择和发展来说，尽早地进行职业生涯探索是非常重要的。目前我们与发达国家相比，针对在校职业院校大学生群体的职业生涯探索普遍缺乏系统规范的研究。本研究以职业院校在校大学生为研究对象，重点研究职业生涯探索及其影响因素，本研究目的就是为了帮助在校职业院校大学生进行更好的职业生涯探索，以促进有效就业。 本文在进行职业生涯探索、人格和领悟社会支持文献述评的基础上，以河南旅游职业技术学院、河南职业技术学院、河南交通职业技术学院等543名在校的职业院校大学生为样本，通过文献分析法、问卷调查法等收集数据的方法，运用SPSS16.0和AMOS17.0，通过方差分析、相关分析和路径分析的方法，研究了在校职业院校大学生的职业生涯探索状况，探索了其与领悟社会支持和人格特点的关系。得出研究结论如下：第一，在校职业院校大学生的职业生涯探索在性别、家庭来源、年级、文理科、是否经常和父母探讨自己的职业生涯发展问题以及在校期间是否接受过职业咨询或辅导等方面存在显著的差异。不同年级的在校职业院校大学生在环境探索和自我探索维度上差异显著，在自我探索维度上，大二学生得分显著高于大一和大三的学生；经常、偶尔和从不与父母讨论自己的生涯发展问题的在校职业院校大学生在环境探索和自我探索维度上均存在非常显著的差异，在环境探索维度上和自我探索维度上，经常与父母讨论自己的生涯发展问题的在校职业院校大学生的得分显著高于从不和偶尔与父母讨论自己的生涯发展问题的在校职业院校大学生的得分。第二，根据积差相关分析结果显示，在校职业院校大学生的职业生涯探索、领悟社会支持和人格特点三个变量的各维度之间相关显著。职业生涯探索各维度与领悟社会支持各维度之间存在显著的正相关，与人格量表的神经质得分存在显著的负相关，与外倾性、宜人性、开放性、责任心四个分量表的得分存在显著的正相关。领悟社会支持量表各维度得分与人格量表的外倾性、宜人性、开放性、责任心四个分量表的得分存在显著的正相关，与神经质得分显著负相关。领悟社会支持量表中的教师支持与人格量表中的宜人性呈负相关，但未达到统计学上的显著性水平。第三，在中介效应检验中，人格特点对领悟社会支持有显著的正向预测作用（β=0.50，P<0.001），领悟社会支持对职业生涯探索有显著的正向预测作用（β=0.19，P<0.01）,人格特点对职业生涯探索的直接效应显著（β=0.32，P<0.001）。人格特点通过领悟社会支持对职业生涯探索的间接效应为0.095（β=0.50×0.19），中介效应占总效应比例为23.17%（0.095/0.415）。

Employment and choice of employment is closely connected with the society’s development and people’s sense of happiness. It is a crucial subject that everyone is supposed to face in their life. In the present society, people are confronted with great pressure of employment, for which it is very important to explore their careers earlier. Nowadays, compared with developed countries, there are fewer systematic and standard researches on the career exploration of students in vocational colleges. In this paper, the author takes these students as researching objects and mainly studies career exploration and the factors that influence it, in order to help college students explore their careers better and to promote employment.On the basis of the literature materials concerning career exploration, students’ personality and perception of social support (PSS), the author of this paper focuses on 600 vocational college students from Henan Tourism College, Henan Polytechnic, Henan Vocational and Technical College of Communications, etc., probes into their career exploration and researches its relationship with PSS and personality features by the way of literature analysis, questionnaire investigation, using the methods of SPSS16.0 and AMOS17.0 to have variance analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis. Conclusions have been drawn as follows:Firstly, great differences have been detected in terms of vocational college students’ gender, family, grade, arts or science, whether they have discussed with their parents their own career development and whether they have gained career consultation or guidance. There are great differences concerning the dimensions of environment exploration and self exploration for students of different grades. In terms of self exploration, sophomores obviously have a higher level then freshmen and juniors; whether they often, occasionally or never discuss with their parents their career development also causes great differences in the two dimensions mentioned above. Those who discuss their career development frequently with their parents get a higher score than those who occasionally or never do it. Secondly, according to the results of product-moment correlation analysis, dimensions of the three variants of career exploration, PSS and vocational college students’ personality are apparently related among one another. The dimensions of career exploration are positively correlated with those of PSS, while negatively correlated with neurotic scores of personality scale in an obvious way and positively correlated with scores of the four subscales of extraversion, agreeableness, openness and sense of responsibility. On the other hand, there exists an obvious correlation between scores of the dimensions of perception of social support scale (PSSS) and the four dimensions of personality scale mentioned above, and a negative correlation with neurotic scores. The teacher support of PSSS and the agreeableness of personality scale are negatively correlated, but not so apparently as judged by statistics.Thirdly, in the testing of mesomeric effect, personality features carry a positive prediction toward PSS (β=0.50，P<0.001), PSS a positive prediction toward career exploration (β=0.19，P<0.01), and personality features show an obvious direct effect on career exploration (β=0.32，P<0.001). Personality features exhibit through PSS an indirect effect of 0.095 (β=0.50×0.19), mesomeric effect accounting for 23.17%(0.095/0.415).