表面等离激元是在金属和电介质表面传播的一种电磁波模式，能够突破衍射极限。因此，基于表面等离激元的波导能够帮助人们进一步缩小纳米光子学器件的尺寸，提高集成密度，是构成光子集成回路的关键组成部分，具有重要的研究价值。混合等离激元波导是一种新型的波导结构，具有极小的模场面积和更长的传播距离，从而得到了广泛的关注。本论文首先总结了纳米光子学的研究现状及发展趋势，随后介绍了几种表面等离激元波导结构、原理及应用，并分析总结了其优缺点。为了同时得到具有长的传播距离和小的模场面积的纳米波导，本论文提出了一种混合等离激元波导的新型几何结构。通过有限元法计算了这两种波导的模场面积和传输特性，并进行了讨论。Comsol软件模拟结果表明这种结构能显著地减小模场面积，更好地限制光场。

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are a type of electromagnetic wave mode propagating at the interface between a metal and a dielectric medium, which can break the diffraction limit. Therefore, waveguides based on SPPs can help to further reduce the size of nanophotonic devices, increase their integration density, and are a key component in the construction of photonic integrated circuits, possessing significant research value. Hybrid plasmonic waveguides are a novel type of waveguide structure that has received widespread attention due to its extremely small mode field area and longer propagation distance. This study first summarizes the research status and development trends of nanophotonics and then introduces several surface plasmon waveguide structures, principles, and applications, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. To achieve nanowaveguides with both long propagation distance and small mode field area, we propose a new geometric structure for a hybrid plasmonic waveguide. The mode field area and transmission characteristics of the two waveguides were calculated using the finite element method and discussed. The simulation results obtained using COMSOL software showed that this structure can significantly reduce the mode field area and better confine the optical field.