文件检验是法庭科学的重要研究领域之一。近年来有关印章印文、打印文件等伪造文件的案件呈上升趋势，建立一套对印章印文和打印文件的种类识别和形成时间鉴定的有效分析方法在司法鉴定方面具有重要的实际应用价值。本文收集了国内外常用的97种不同品牌不同产地的印泥印油和16种喷墨打印机墨盒，应用高效液相色谱和气质联用法对印泥印油和黑、红色喷墨打印墨水进行了分类和形成时间的研究。分别对印泥印油和喷墨打印墨水的高效液相色谱分离条件进行了探索，发现四丁基溴化胺作为离子对试剂可以对印油和喷墨打印墨水的染料组分有效的分离。在此基础上，根据它们色谱峰的数目、保留时间将红色印章印文分为十五类，红色喷墨打印文件分为九类，黑色喷墨打印文件分为三类。还根据印油和喷墨打印文件挥发性成分的气相色谱质谱联用法分析，将印章印文分为七类，喷墨打印文件分为三类。利用离子对高效液相色谱法研究了常用的红色印章印文和黑色喷墨打印文件在自然老化和人工老化（紫外灯、日光灯）条件下的组分变化规律，以及与文件形成时间的关系。对主要的三类红色印章印文和两类黑色打印文件进行老化实验，研究结果表明，不同类别的印泥印油组分和喷墨打印墨水组分老化后都发生了明显的变化，但呈现出各自特征的变化规律：其中一类印章印文组分在光照老化和自然老化条件下的变化规律相近，另外两类印章印文在光照老化和自然老化下各组分相对含量的变化趋势存在着一定的差异，但三类印文组分均未发现新的组分生成；对黑色喷墨打印文件的主要染料成分在光照和自然放置过程中的变化规律进行了研究，在光照和自然放置过程中都有新的组分形成，且自然放置条件下变化比较迅速。同时还利用气质联用法研究了红色印章印文在自然老化和人工老化条件下组分的变化规律，以及与印文形成时间的关系。三类主要的印章印文挥发性成分呈现出各自特征的变化规律：第一类印章印文组分在光照老化和自然老化条件下的变化规律相近；第六类印章印文在人工老化条件下有新组分生成。本文以上的研究结果可为印章印文和打印文件的种类鉴别和形成时间判定提供有力的科学依据，并在此基础上对红色盖印、打印、速印和印刷文件的区分和鉴别进行了初步探讨。

Documents examination was an important research in forensic science. More and more forged seal documents and prnting documents had increased rapidly in recent years with the development of economy. Therefore, adequate and accurate approaches for the analysis of the stamp-pad inks and printing inks in questioned documents were very important for forensic examinations. In this study, 97 red stamp pad inks and 16 jet printer inks were collected. A novel approach for identification and dating of red seal documents and jet printer documents was developed based on ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).The chromatographic conditions for separation of red stamp pad inks and jet printer inks were optimized and the pigment or dye components in inks were satisfactorily separated by using 20mmol/L tetrabutyl ammonium bromide as ion-pairing reagent. According to the number and the chromatographic retention times of the main dye or pigment components，the 69 red stamp-pad inks were categorized into fifteen classes. The red and black jet printer inks were categorized into nine classes and three classes separately. The GC/MS chromatographic conditions for separation of stamp pad inks and jet printer inks were also optimized. They were categorized into seven and three classes separately according to the number and the chromatographic retention times of the volatile components. Nearly each red stamp pad ink can be identified using the two methods above. The compositional changes of the dye components in seal imprints and printing documents were investigated in light and natural aging conditions and it had been found that the components underwent obvious decomposition, and the decomposing extent of the components was related to the aging time. Significant changes of ink composition were observed in three main kinds of red stamp-pad inks, which had their own characteristics. The first kind of red stamp-pad inks had similar aging rules in light and natual conditions, while another two kinds of red stamp-pad inks had different aging rules. All main dye components in two kinds of black ink-jet printing documents degraded obviously under light aging and natural aging conditions. The change trends of two kinds of ink were alike during light aging and natural aging, but the relative peak areas of new degraded products were found increased rapidly in natural aging process.The composition changes of the volatile components in seal imprints were investigated in light and natural aging conditions and it had been found that decomposing extent of the components was related to the aging time. Significant changes of ink volatile composition were observed in three main kinds of red stamp-pad inks, which had their own characteristics. The first kind of red stamp-pad inks had similar aging rules in light and natual conditions, while new degraded products were found in the third kind. This study can supply a feasible method and scientific foundation for classifying and dating of the seal documents and questioned ink-jet printing documents.The study also showed the results of differentiating red stamp imprints, red printing documents, red digital automatic printer documents and red presswork.